technical writer houston"technical writer houston" Is this an appropriate salary for this position?
I have a bachelors with a double major in public relations and journalism and a minor in Spanish. I am currently employed as a Technical Writer for National Oilwell and as a part time media relations associate with the Houston Rockets. My combined total of PR experience since I graduate in May is about 2 to 3 years. I recently applied for an account executive position at a PR Firm. I did a phone interview which I think went pretty well, however when she asked me about salary requirements I told her it was negotiable but then back door and asked her what she felt was a typical amount for someone with my experience in the field to make. She said that she couldn't remember but she thought the position may be paying somewhere in the mid 20's range a year. I think that is ridiculoulsly low. Is that normal for the field and working for a PR firm. To take that job I would take a significant pay cut.
Also: What would be an appropriate salary to ask for?
you just said that its an account executive position. Which to me sounds like sales. $20k might be reasonable if there's a huge commission structure.
I work in software. Our Account Execs start at 80k plus low commissions, but a good rep can still pull in 300k plus.
Efficient Promotion Training Boosts Christmas Sales
Christmas is the make season for the majority of retailers. As such, it is critical that the salespersons are trained as professionals and are prepared for it. They should improve their skills and performance. They should better understand your products and service provided by your company.
In this article we will explore a few key points of sales training you can use to boost your sales during this hot shopping season by training your sales team to think strategically. That will make selling in Christmas in a science-like way.
To give efficient promotion training courses to the salesmen guarantees more much sales success. Then what is efficient training?
Things about training content creation
First, does the training content fall into page turner category?
Encourage the trainer or the content producer to avoid page-turner' content where the material is basically pages of a book replicated as Web pages, with interaction being limited to `turning the page'. It bores your trainers and reduces the efficiency of training.
Instead, give dynamic, practical, how-to instruction and real life showcases. Some good things are that you can use images, screenshots, narration, sounds, video content to build interactive, engaged training.
Second, how quickly and easily can content be created and maintained?
Take the cost of time and financial investment for the content development process into consideration. In any project, these are the most important factors.
You need to provide the trainers with the right tool that builds content quickly and easily. No a learning curve, no technical expertise required.
Simulation to stimulate : Screencasting and Demos
If your goal is to facilitate learning rather than just provide performance support, your content must contain interactions that help learners achieve a desired level of mastery, and then recall and apply skills on the sales job. In other words If your training doesn’t impact your learners’ performance (what they “do”), then your development efforts, and your learners’ time will be wasted.
Therefore it is important to add simulation material to make live information delivery.
Screencating content and live demos help your salesmen better understand what the trainer talks to them.
Measurement of the learning progress
Important to any trainer that makes an investment on training is measurement. Benchmarking current levels of performance, setting reasonable goals and objectives based upon a careful assessment of the situation, and measuring progress against those goals is a necessary.
When progress is at or above plan, the sales team is encouraged, motivated, and continue to perform and excel. If expectations are not being met, the opportunity exists for immediate problem diagnosis and adjustment, assuring that the initiative will get back on track and provide the return on investment expected.
Quizzing, assessments or surveys are very popular and effective for measuring.
For example, you can create a quiz to measuring your trainees’ aptitude for professional selling.
Here is a quiz for measuring training efficiency and you can click to view the questions.
technical writer needed"technical writer needed" How should I space a technical document?
I am currently editing a sample document which will be submitted as part of an application for a technical writer position I am interested in. The document in question was provided by the corporation I am applying to. All I was told was that it needs to be edited according to Microsoft Standards for Technical Publication.
When I first opened it, it was a mess so I used MSTP Version 3 to organize and edit the document to be more concise as well as consistently used official Microsoft terminology when re-writing the procedures. What I am wondering though is how exactly the document should be spaced? It is essentially all done, I just need to decide on paragraph formatting and line spacing. I am not sure if they are looking for anything in particular, I just want to make sure it looks clean and professional before I hand it in. I could not find any standards for page formatting in the MSTP. Also is there anything else I should be wary of before handing it in?
Thanks in advance
I'd recommend at least 1.5x or 1.7x line spacing. Make the font slightly smaller than you might normally do. The wide line spacing will still make it very readable, without taking up too many pages. Also, have top/bottom/left/right margins that are quite wide (at least an inch or 1.5), to allow for scribbles.
Software Technical Illustator Writer - Working in Canada
part time technical writer"part time technical writer" What is the average AFOQT score?
What is the average AFOQT score? I took the AFOQT in Sep 2009. I really want to get into OTS and get into Intel or OSI. I'm a 31 year old civilian and got my B.A. in English. I've worked as a Technical Writer for Boeing, Northrop, Honeywell, and L-3. I'm also a part time aerobics instructor. There's nothing in the world I want more right now than to get into OTS. Think I might get in??? My scores were as follows:
technical writing qualifications"technical writing qualifications" help!! with the qualifications part of my resume.. please?
OBJECTIVE: I’m a hard working ambitious team player looking for fulltime employment where there’s growth possibilities.
QUALIFICATIONS "I can speak Spanish and English" Customer service oriented." and i really dont know what to write here!!
EDUCATION 2006-Present Criminal Justice, Housatonic Community College 2002-2006High School Diploma/Commercial Baking Certificate, Bullard Havens Technical High School
EMPLOYMENT 2008Front Desk Coordinator, Connecticut Dental Group Managing the dentist and hygienist schedules, managing collections and all phases of reception and office duties.
2008Manicurist-Front Desk Management, Huntington Nail Spa All phases of client care.
2007Sales Associate, Mommy Chic Website Management, costumer service
I can't speak to the qualification's line because I don't know what the job is. However on your employment history you gave what you did, but did you get recognized for any outstanding achievement. That's what employers are looking. An example would be (reorganized dental records that gave a cost savings of $$$$$. Good Luck.
Business & Creative Writing : What Qualifications Does a Grant Writer Need?
Microsoft Dynamics GP for Mid-Size Distributor: Implementation, Extensions
Great Plains Dynamics got its new name several years ago – now it is Microsoft Dynamics GP. Being matured and very flexible mid-market Corporate ERP application, Dynamics GP should be a good fit for challenging requirements in nationwide and international distribution: Warehouse Management System, Electronic Document Interchange, B2B ecommerce, Consignment. Various industry specific add-ons are available through Dynamics GP ISV channel. In this small paper we would like to give you typical implementation scenario and extensions, often required in distribution industry. Successful businesses typically have their know-how or trade secrets, often requiring pretty unique ERP related data entry, querying and reporting. If you recognize your scenario – Dynamics GP has various tools to modify existing or even introduce new business logic : Microsoft Dexterity, Extender, eConnect, Modifier with VBA, Integration Manager, plus it is open to Microsoft Management Reporter, FRx, SSRS, Report Writer, Crystal Reports, Microsoft Access reports, etc. Let's move on to the paragraphs:
1. WMS (Warehouse Management System) – this is often the heart of your ERP system in distribution company. WMS in its turn depends on Barcoding technology. In GP you already have all or most of the required functionality in Distribution set of modules: Sales Order Processing, Inventory Control, Purchase Order Processing, however WMS is still needed to be chosen and implemented to open SOP, POP and Inventory transactions for barcode scanning. There is often dilemma in WMS software selection – popular Warehouse Management applications typically duplicate the same or similar distribution logic and then they have connectors or integration modules, to send WMS documents down to the Distribution modules of your preferred ERP. If you think about the module, you as end customer, have to pay twice for the same logic in ERP and then in WMS, plus you have to budget special integration between the two (to synchronize parallel logics). We suggest you slightly different approach, our WMS application opens Dynamics GP forms and tables to barcoding – SOP Transaction for WMS fulfillment, POP Purchase Receipt for Inventory Restocking, and Inventory Adjustment and Transfer for moving merchandize and entering adjustments and inventory cycle counts on the warehouse floor
2. EDI. There are very powerful Electronic Document Interchange products, supporting all the EDI methods and protocols. Chances might be high that your EDI needs are pretty basic and you have only one required EDI format to implement and establish EDI documents interchange via FTP. If this is your situation, we recommend you to purchase very modest EDI extension for Dynamics GP. If you are making innovations and establishing your own EDI standard for your suppliers or customers (nice XML something for example), your Dynamics GP programmers should be able to follow that new standard and generate the file via precisely formatted SQL Select statement
3. B2B ecommerce in distributions. Sometimes we see the trend, when Logistics and Distributions companies are trying to deemphasize EDI channels (which they consider as kind of legacy) and favor new technologies, such as Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce for new business partners. In Dynamics GP you can establish pretty flexible Item pricing and catalogs for customer classes or even for individual customers. The nice thing about our approach to ecommerce, is the fact, that you can get the order via ecommerce website and immediately send it for picking and packing on the warehouse floor (or even assembly on order) by warehouse worker with barcode scanner with WMS client application
4. Industry Regulation Compliance. This could be important for distributor in Healthcare, Pharmaceutical, Jewelry, Food processing and delivery on consignment, manufacturing large construction custom objects on order (construction: big bolts, armatures, parts of the bridges, skyscrapers). In Great Plains you have the option to track your Items and finished goods (as well as parts of your finished good in bill of materials) by Serial and Lot number. You can also have attachments and comment lines to virtually every master record and transaction, meaning that industry compliance is typically realized on the procedural level and no custom programming is required. In some cases we recommend to create industry compliance report via one of the popular reporting tools – it is your choice, as you may have preference to use Cristal Reports over Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services – we will help you with data pulling SQL View or Stored Procedure
5. If you are on older version of Dynamics GP, Great Plains Dynamics/eEnterprise. As general advise – we recommend you to update the version to current (as of September 2010) version 2010/11.0, or at least 10.0, which will be supported for at least several years from now directly by Microsoft Business Solutions. Such complex processes as Supply Chain Management, WMS, Distributions, Consignments often require Dynamics GP technical consultant help. If you are on the version, which was released, say 5 years ago, please think about the possible facts, that database platform (such as MS SQL Server 2000, or Btrieve/Pervasive SQL, Ctree) is no longer supported by Dynamics GP generic partners and it is more difficult to find consultant who is comfortable to deal with your urgent technical issue, or required data repair. If your business undertook downsizing in the past, and you have to stay on your version of Dynamics GP, Great Plains or even Great Plains Accounting for DOS, Windows or Mac – you can count on us, we are known to support all ever released versions of Great Plains
6. Dynamics GP customizations. Not every Dynamics GP Technology Partner or reseller carries Great Plains Dexterity developers in staff. If you are facing the need of large, mid-size and even small scale GP coding project, we recommend you to check with your Dynamics GP VAR is they are comfortable with Dynamics GP Dexterity programming. They might be OK with newer technologies, such as eConnect, Microsoft Visual Studio SDK for GP – but all these new tools still rely on Dexterity objects (especially Dexterity created new tables). We are carrying Great Plains Dexterity Software development Factory, where or Dexterity coders have access to Dynamics.dic Sanscript source code, meaning that these technicians are capable to track down every piece of Great Plains business logic and how it is programmed in Dexterity procedures and functions
7. Distribution to the international customers. This is fine with Dynamics GP capabilities, you can setup multicurrency and international companies to enter transactions, plus there is intercompany processing module, where you can post your transactions (in Payable Management and General Ledger) to the targeted company from your Headquarters. Please, note, however, that we do recommend you to review the options, prior to deciding to implement Dynamics GP for your international subsidiary. There is such theoretical concept as Corporate ERP localization – it is based on such compliances are local language support and foreign country legislation compliance. Dynamics GP is localized in USA, Canada (including French speaking Quebec province), UK, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Spanish speaking Latin America (excluding Brazil, where they speak on Brazilian dialect of Portuguese). Dynamics GP is also available in Arabic speaking countries, plus in South East Asia, where English is dominant in business negotiations. Dynamics GP is not localized in such countries as China, Russia, Germany, Brazil, Korea. Please, give us a call to discuss the options, if you are USA or Canada based multinational corporation
8. How to request additional help? Please call us 1-866-528-0577, or email us help@albaspectrum.com We serve you USA, Canada nationwide with initial visits onsite when required and following remote support via web sessions and phone conferences. Local support is available in Western Michigan, Chicagoland area of the state of Illinois, Southern California, Houston and Dallas Area of Texas
About the Author
Andrew Karasev, Alba Spectrum Group, http://www.albaspectrum.com help@albaspectrum.com 1-866-528-0577, 1-630-961-5918, serving GP customers USA and Canada Nationwide: California, Minnesota, New York, Quebec, Ontario, Illinois, Texas, Georgia, Arizona, Nevada, Virginia, Florida, new Mexico, Iowa, Indiana, Alaska, Hawaii. Local service is available in Houston/Dallas: Richmond, Rosenberg, Katy, Galveston, Sugar Land; in Chicago: Naperville, Aurora, Plainfield, Romeoville, Batavia, Downers Grove, Schaumburg, Rockford, Elgin, Crystal Lake, Joliet, Hinsdale, Lisle, Montgomery, Oswego
technical writer boston"technical writer boston" What are some careers for English majors?
I am majoring in English and minoring in Journalism and will be graduating in one year. I know that people think there aren't many possibilities out there, but it is more about skills I have that can be transferred to another job. Like could I have a chance in advertising? I know some include Public Relations, technical writer, editor positions, and marketing coordinator but what are some other things i could do? Also what are the best cities? Would Seattle or Boston be good for someone with my degree?
you want fries with that? or u could get a job teaching english as a foreign language...doesn't pay well tho
Young Movement - A Film by Boston's 8th Grade apprentices
This study's objective was to Research of a “choice” school that operates under a performance contract which details specifics as the school's mission, program, goals, demographics of the students served, methods of assessment, and ways to assess success. Such educational arrangements are known as charter schools, which are publicly funded schools that have greater accountability for academic assessment and fiscal practices, while receiving more independence and experiencing fewer regulations than traditional public schools. Research shows that there is a fair amount of success with this type of contractual education, and that a fair amount of issues accompany the success, such as fluctuating changes in student performance that are immeasurable by test scores. Another issue with the contractual educational facilities that is heating up in recent months is the conflict that arises between this type of learning environment versus the traditional public school system. This paper examines differing authorities in an attempt to determine whether charter schools are achieving their intended missions, or falling short of their goals – the verdict of this author’s research is that the structure is conducive to innovative practices, although the overall end results demonstrated by charter schools does not measure up to their tangible and intangible costs.
Charter Schools: Passing or Failing
This study into the report card of charter schools in the United States will attempt to decide whether this mode of education is more or less successful in the quest of education. The unique research covered in this study represents the most recent journal articles that are related to these public schools that are operated independently of the local school board. Charter schools being unique in that they differ in various degrees from the curriculum and educational philosophy of other schools in the same system, they can also take the form of experimental public schools for mainly primary, but some secondary, education.
Charter schools do not charge tuition and frequently have lottery based admissions. They, therefore, provide an alternative to public schools, oftentimes offering a curriculum that specializes in a certain field-- e.g. arts, mathematics, etc. Others simply seek to provide a better and more efficient general education than nearby public schools.
Public school funding in the United States is not a product of intelligent design. Funding programs have grown willy-nilly based on political entrepreneurship, interest group pressure, and intergovernmental competition. Consequently, now that Americans feel the need to educate all children to high standards, no one knows for sure how money is used or how it might be used more effectively (Hill, 2008).
These institutions are also exclusive in that some are created and organized by teachers and or parents and or community leaders, in a totally autonomous school environment, while others are state-run charters that are unaffiliated with local school districts and founded by non-profits such as universities and government entities that may appear in clusters across a geographic area.
The term "charter" possibly originated in the 1970s when Ray Budde, a New England university professor, suggested that small groups of teachers be given contracts or "charters" by their local school boards to discover new approaches to education. Albert Shanker, former president of the American Federation of Teachers, then publicized the idea, suggesting that local boards could charter an entire school with union and teacher approval. One of the first charter schools was a well-known institution called the H-B Woodlawn Program, as a part of the educational movements that fueled such innovative education in the 1960s and 1970s, it was established to provide a more individualized and caring environment to students.
As they were originally envisioned, the ideal model of a charter school appeared as a legally and financially autonomous public school - void of tuition, religious affiliation, or discriminatory student admissions. Charter schools were also foreseen to operate much like a private business. In the business sense of being free from many state laws and district regulations, the charter-school beginnings grew on the premise that they were more accountable for student outcomes rather than for processes or inputs that were believed to be enhanced through stipulations such as Carnegie Units and teacher certification requirements.
The charter school movement has roots in a number of other reform ideas, including:
alternative schools
site-based management
magnet schools
public school choice
privatization
community-parental empowerment
In the late 1980s Philadelphia started a number of schools-within-schools and called them "charters." Some of them were schools of choice. The idea was further refined in Minnesota where charter schools were developed according to three basic values: opportunity, choice, and responsibility for results.
In 1991 Minnesota passed the first charter school law, with California following suit in 1992. By 1995, 19 states had signed laws allowing for the creation of charter schools, and by 2003 that number increased to 40 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. From 1997 to 2006 the number of charters in the US grew from 693 to 3,977. Perhaps surprisingly, given this growth, previous work has found mixed evidence on the impacts of charter schools on student performance. However, these studies focus almost exclusively on test scores as the outcome of interest. Thus, one potential explanation for this discrepancy is that charter schools affect student performance in ways that cannot be measured by test scores.
The charter school data is gathered at least annually, collected by mostly independent groups, is largely captured by survey. The U.S. Charter Schools Organization is said to statistics that consist of information related to size, scope, demographics (Figure 1), operations, and management of public charter schools (Charter schools data, n. d.).
It is because of conflicting and diverse initial findings that this research is important to the author’s personal curiosity. On one hand, the appeal of fresh, new approaches to teaching and learning is the stimulus for continued education. On the other hand, a constant vigil over money and test scores to prove the worth of the methodology defeats the main purpose of acting as vehicle for education. The analysis of a sampling of literature is expected to illuminate the more constant and logical explanation of the evidence examined.
Opportunity
In this paper new, longitudinal data from an anonymous large urban school district is used to assess how charter schools affect student discipline, attendance, and retention; these are compared to test score impacts. Using individual fixed-effects analyses shows that schools which begin as charters generate improvements in student behavior and attendance but not test scores. Charters that convert from regular public schools have mixed effects on test scores. While there is evidence of selection into charter schools based on changes in outcomes, these results change little after applying intermittent panel strategies. Finally, there is little evidence that charter schools generate long-term benefits if students return to non-charter schools.
A report prepared by the Center for Education Reform in 2006 states the opportunity posed by charter schools well by saying, “when the charter school concept was born in the days prior to the advent of The No Child Left Behind Act, the bargain was freedom in exchange for accountability” (CER, 2006). As an educational watchdog for learning and teaching communities, the CER felt that charter schools were a chance to try to provide a tailored education to some students through a more micro-managed, yet opportunistic, educational environment and respond to needs expressed by parents, students, and communities (including the teaching community).
According to the National Education Association (NEA), for-profit charter schools rarely outperform traditional public schools, even when the charter receives higher funding. Although the U.S. Department of Education's findings agree with those of the NEA, their study points out the limitations of such studies and the inability to hold constant other important factors, and notes that "study design does not allow us to determine whether or not traditional public schools are more effective than charter schools" (NEA, 1998).
Choice
Counselor interviews, professional journals, litigation, and the most recent data and statistics on the subject of charter schools is evidence that is examined at the primary and secondary levels of education. Many of the inherent organizational challenges found therein, are to be analyzed for themes that are perpendicular and those that are parallel. Earlier reviews on the topic has used the words perverse and “spectacle of fear” to describe charter schools in their failing and miserable attempts to reform the contemporary schools under the guise of the 2002 No Child Left Behind ideal (Granger, 2008). In only a few of the sources consulted in this study has this harsh language been used to describe the effects of charter schooling. The majority of the literary sources have been supportive of the innovation that is placed in those type of schools.
It is the latter positive contributions consulted in this paper, which convinced the writer to theorize that charter schools are one of the fastest growing innovations in education policy because they have a tendency to invoke a positive learning outcome in their students. Broad bipartisan support from governors, state legislators, and past and present secretaries of education contribute to the solidarity of this concept and the general research opinion. In his 1997 State of the Union Address, former President Clinton called for the creation of 3,000 charter schools by the year 2002. In 2002, President Bush called for $200 million to support charter schools. His proposed budget called for another $100 million for a new Credit Enhancement for Charter Schools Facilities Program. Since 1994, the U.S. Department of Education has provided grants to support states' charter school efforts, starting with $6 million in fiscal year 1995.
Another point of kudos for the charter school system that was evident through this research was the issue of the choice processes that charter students have at their disposal that public schools make available only on a limited and or unobservable basis. Substantiation of these alternatives and support that are more-readily made available to charter school students was noted in a report on the charter school counseling by Stanton-Salazar & Dornbusch (1995) and mentioned in a professional high school journal article entitled, “College Counseling in Charter High Schools: Examining the Opportunities and Challenges”. (Farmer-Hinton & McCullough, 2008). The schools’ staff generally promotes college as a normal and viable postsecondary choice that is communicated through the charter schools counselors’ open relationship with their students.
Responsibility for Results
The mere premise of a charter school is to exhibit results in many major areas. Through the research of this paper, it is evidenced that the charter schools are displaying a great deal of positive results with respect to the subject areas listed in most of their legal charters. The original thesis was that the cost of these results versus the benefit of their results was questionable. During this research, only one professional article was readily available to discuss this particular subject, although there are many legal causes, some are mentioned in this writing, that indicate that this is a huge concern with the public, as well.
There is an important consideration when drafting or revising the legislation for a charter school, however, that addresses “whether to include an appeals process for organizers whose initial proposals are rejected”(The Charter School Roadmap, 1998). Many of these are shown in a report (Table 1) that tracks the variables of applicants within established guidelines.
Many states have seen the concept of charter schools in their state supreme courts on mostly monetary issues, but a unique case of the governing authority over a charter school application for its charter was heard in Beaufort County Board of Education v. Lighthouse Charter School Committee, et al. (1999). This case went a long way towards resolving many of the issues surrounding charter schools in the state of South Carolina. “The Court's decision made it clear that a local school board has the authority, under the S.C. Charter Schools Act of 1996, to require a charter school applicant to comply with the Act's provisions before a charter is approved and, once the local board makes a decision concerning a charter school applicant, the local board's decision must be upheld by the State Department of Education if that decision is supported by substantial evidence on the record” (Duff, White & Turner, LLC, 1999).
Presidential mandates are indicative of the popularity of charter-school types with the constituents and the general public at large. “In the end, school improvement is accomplished through the hard work of school staff, with administrative and parent support” (NEA, 1998) – stated exactly as a common knowledge and belief to the author of this research.
The results of the literature consulted and cited in this paper have been found to emphasize the original theory that the overall benefits produced by charter schools are almost equal to, if they don’t exceed, the cost that is incurred. The fact that this paradigm exists is not believed to be intentional, but rather more of an undefined direction for charter schools and an existing incompetence at truly managing a budget.
Previous research, although truly controversial, was not found to reveal a huge imbalance of the overall end results as opposed to the cost of such at present. Charter schools were found financially unaccountable, whereby their products outweigh the sum of their tangible and intangible costs, by only one professional review. The research of this independent review was even concluded with the following, “recent three initiatives - an R&D intermediary, using charters as the point of the lance, and creation of a level playing field for competition - could set off a wave of innovation and escalating school performance. This, in turn, could tell Americans what they need to spend for effective schools” (Hill, 2008).
This lack of professional review to the contrary is not believed to be a limitation, yet an indication that the concept of the charter schools is a sound one that is being refined into a more efficient and effective educational environment. Therefore, the conclusion of this research is found to be that the charter schools are passing on their score card – marginally, at present, but they are expected to become better stewards of their funds and expenses in the future, thus increasing their passing score.
References
Charter School Closures: An Opportunity for Accountability. (2006, February). Center for Education Reform.
Farmer-Hinton, R., & McCullough, R. (2008, April). College Counseling in Charter High Schools: Examining the Opportunities and Challenges. High School Journal, 91(4), 77-90. Retrieved July 27, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Granger, D. (2008, May). No Child Left Behind and the Spectacle of Failing Schools: The Mythology of Contemporary School Reform. Educational Studies, 43(3), 206-228. Retrieved July 27, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Hill, P. (2008, April). Spending Money When It Is Not Clear What Works. PJE. Peabody Journal of Education, 83(2), 238-258. Retrieved July 27, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.
Imberman, S.A. (2007). Achievement and Behavior in Charter Schools: Drawing a More Complete Picture.
National Education Association (1998, July). "For-Profit Management of Public Schools". CorpWatch.
Table 1
State-by-State Analysis of Charter School Laws
Appeals and Approval
State
# of Schools/Students
Application
Appeals & Approval
School Limit
Student Limit
Eligible Operators
Sponsors
Appeals
Alaska
30 (limits are defined geographically)
None
Anyone; law does not specify
Local school board; subject to state school board approval
None
Arizona
25 SEA per year 25 charter board per year; no limit on local board-sponsored schools
None
Public body, private person or private organization
Local school board, state board of education or state charter school board
May apply to other sponsor
Arkansas
None
None
Existing public school
State board with approval of local board
None; SEA may request hearing but cannot overturn a decision
California
250 charter schools for the 1998-99 school year with an additional 100 charter schools per school year thereafter
None
Existing public schools; new start-ups; no private or home-based schools allowed
Local school board, county board of education, state board of education
May apply to other sponsor
Colorado
None
None
Anyone; no private or home schools
Local school board
None
Connecticut
24 schools (distinction between local and state and number in congressional district removed in 1997)
No state school can enroll more than 250 students or 25% of the district enrollment, whichever is less
Anyone; no private or home schools
Local or state school board
None
Delaware
No statewide limit, but limited five schools per year for the first three years
None; must serve at least 200 students (waiver for at-risk)
Any person, university, college or nonreligious, nonhome-based, nonsectarian entity
LEA or SEA (local board only for conversions)
None
District of Columbia
For FY97, 10 schools per board, for total of 20 schools per year
None
Anyone; no home schools
D.C Board or Education; Public Charter School Board
None
Florida
Limits defined according to district student enrollment; district may request cap waiver from State Board of Education
None
Anyone; no private or home schools; private schools may disband and reincorporate as charter school
LEA, state universities developmental research schools in consultation with local board
Appeal to SEA; District makes final decision
Georgia
None
None
Local school, private organization, or state or local public entity. No private or home schools.
SEA with LEA approval.
The state board may still grant a charter if the local school board does not approve of the application.
Hawaii
25
None
Existing public school
SEA
None
Idaho
Not more that 60 schools in the first five years; not more that 12 schools per year; not more than 2 schools within an educational classification region; not more that 1 school per district in a year. If fewer than 12 applications, the unused allotments shall be assigned to a statewide pool for other requesting districts with distribution to be determined by random drawing.
None
Any person. No private or home school; for profits cannot operate charter schools.
Local School Board
Appeal to a hearing officer selected by the start superintendent of public instruction. if the decision is not reversed, an appeal to the state board of education with sponsorship of the school under the state board of education.
Illinois
45 with distribution based on population
None
Teachers, administrators, local school councils, colleges or universities, public community colleges, corporations or other entities; no private or home schools
LEA with SEA review for compliance with law
Appeal to state board; recommendation is nonbinding
Kansas
15
None
Anyone; no private or home schools
LEA with SEA review for adherence to state laws, rules and regulations
None
Louisiana
42 (no more than 20 prior to February 1, 1998)
None
Three or more certified teachers alone or partnership with 10 or more citizens, public service organization, business or corporation, college or university, or faculty and staff of any city or parish or any LEA; no private of home schools
LEA or SEA depending on type of charter
None
Massachusetts
50 (13 of which must be Horace Mann conversion schools)
No more that 25% of the total number of students attending public schools in the state
A business, two or more teachers, 10 or more parents or others; no private or home schools
State secretary of education (Horace Mann schools also must be approved by local district and local collective bargaining agent)
None
Michigan
None; state university can sponsor 150 through 1999
None
Any person or entity
Local school board, intermediate school board, community college or state public university
None
Minnesota
None
None
One or more licensed teachers; no home schools
LEA, community colleges, state university, technical and private colleges; SEA must approve all schools
If local board denies application, and at least two members vote to sponsor, state may choose to sponsor
Mississippi
Six (one in each congressional district)
None
Existing public schools
SEA with approval by LEA in district where the charter is located
None
Nevada
21 (allocated based on county population); unlimited number serving at-risk students
None
At least three licensed teachers alone or in partnership with: 10 or more members of general public, organization devoted to serving the general public, private business or college or university; no private or home schools
LEA after receiving permission from SEA to solicit applications; charter also must be approved by SEA
None
New Hampshire
Five prior to 1/1/97; 10 per year through 1999; law defines geographical limitations
School districts may impose limits
Nonprofit organizations, two or more certified teachers, 10 or more parents; no nonpublic or home schools
LEA with state then granting or denying proposed contract
SEA which may then approve and grant charter
New Jersey
135 (12.95-12/97) Minimum of three schools allocated to each county
No more than 500 students or 25% of student body of school district, whichever is less
Teachers and/or parents of public school children; higher education institutions and/or private entities may join teachers and parents; no private or home schools
Commissioner and local board or state superintendent in state-operated school district; commissioner has final authority
SEA within 30 days or
New Mexico
Five
None
Existing public schools
SEA
None
North Carolina
100 (five per district per year)
Charter must enroll 65 students and have at least three teachers (can request waiver in application with compelling reason)
Anyone; no home schools
SEA, LEA or state university; final approval by SEA
SEA which may approve charter
Ohio
20 start-ups in Lucas County; unlimited conversions in all school districts statewide; unlimited in "Big Eight" school districts
Schools must have minimum of 25 students
Anyone; no home schools
City, local, exempted village or joint vocational board of education; statewide SEA for Big Eight districts only; Lucas County Education Service Center and the University of Toledo in Lucas County only
None
Pennsylvania
None
None
Individual; one or more teachers who will teach at proposed school; parents or guardians of students who will attend school; any nonsectarian university or museum; any nonprofit, corporation, association, partnership or combination thereof; no private or home schools
LEA, two or more local boards may grant regional charter beginning in 1999-2000 school year
State Charter School Appeal Board (with 2% or 1,000 district resident signatures whichever is less after 7/1/99)
Rhode Island
20 (no more than 2 per district or four in districts with over 20,000 students)
No more than 6% of state's school-age population
Existing public schools, groups of public school personnel or public school districts; no private or home schools
State board of regents with approval from commissioner of elementary and secondary education or LEA
None
South Carolina
None
None
Anyone; no home schools
LEA
SEA
Texas
120 SEA approved; unlimited local sponsored and at-risk
None
Public or private higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, government entities, groups of parents or teachers; no home schools
LEA; SEA for open-enrollment charters
None
Utah
8 for a three year pilot program
None
An individual or group of individuals, including teachers and parents or guardians of students who will attend the school, or a not-for-profit legal entity organized under the laws of the state. No private or home schools.
State board of education. The local board will review the application and may offer suggestions or recommendations to which the state board shall give due consideration.
None (final action subject to judicial review).
Virginia
The total number of schools shall not exceed ten percent of the school division's total number of school, or two charter schools, whichever is greater. Local school boards are authorized to limit the number of charter schools.
None
Any person, group or organization. No private or home schools.
Local school district.
None
Wisconsin
20 (10 districts may sponsor up to two schools each)
None
Anyone, but petition must be signed by 10% of teachers employed by district or 50% of teachers employed at one school; no private or home schools.
LEA applies to state superintendent for approval to sponsor; schools apply to local board; mayor can sponsor in Milwaukee
None (except in Milwaukee)
Wyoming
None
None
Anyone, but petition must be signed by 10% of the district's teachers or 50% of the teachers in a school, and by 10% of parents of pupils in districts or 50% of parents of students in school; no private or home schools.
LEA
None
Appendix Table C. The Charter School Roadmap, September 1998.
Figure Captions
Figure 1. Figure 1. Demographics of Profiled Charter Schools. Data from Charter schools data, (n. d.).
Figure 1. Demographics of Profiled Charter Schools
School and Location
Year First Chartered and Authorizer
Grades
Enrollment
Student Ethnicity
English Learners
Subsidized Meals
Special Needs
Per Pupil Spending
Distinctive Programs and Features
The Arts and Technology Academy Public Charter School Washington, D.C.
1998 Special charter school board
Pre-K-6
615
98% Afr. Am. 2% Other
0%
97%
7%
$8,650
Basic skills plus arts
Extended day/year
Mosaica national management affiliation
BASIS School, Inc. Tucson, Ariz.
1998 State
5-12
246
74% White 12% Hispanic 4% Afr. Am. 10% Asian Am.
1%
Not applicable
1%
$5,339
European academic tradition
12 of 30 courses qualify as Advanced Placement
Only Arizona school to have scores above the 90th percentile on math SAT 9 in all grades
Non-violent community focus and award-winning character education program
High levels of support for English language learners
Looping to build relationships and support
KIPP Academy Houston Houston, Texas
1994 State
5-8
346
77% Hispanic 21% Afr. Am. 2% Asian Am. & White
8%
86%
5%
$8,670
KIPP, Inc. national college prep program
Extended day/year
85% of students enter college; 94% are first-generation college students
Oglethorpe Charter School Savannah, Ga.
1998 Local district
6-8
319
51% White 38% Afr. Am. 4% Asian Am. 3% Hispanic 4% Other
0%
20%
5%
$6,000
Parent contract to donate 20 hours a year
Core Knowledge curriculum
Character education focus
Ralph A. Gates Elementary School Lake Forest, Calif. (Los Angeles Basin)
1999 Local district
K-6
850
72% Hispanic 22% White 2% Asian Am. 2% Filipino 1% Afr. Am. 1% Multi-racial
44%
63%
5%
$5,367
School facility houses two-way Spanish-English immersion charter program for 43% of students
Multiple language programs during and after school for students and parents
Regrouping across classes and grades for reading and math
Roxbury Preparatory Charter School Boston, Mass.
1999 State
6-8
180
80% Afr. Am. 20% Hispanic
0%
56%
7%
$12,910
66% of students enter below grade level; 100% continue in college prep high schools
Mandated homework support, Saturday school, summer school for poor grades
Curriculum developed by staff based on student performance on school comprehensive exams
The School of Arts and Sciences Tallahassee, Fla.
1999 Local district
K-8
226
62% White 22% Afr. Am. 6% Hispanic 3% Asian Am. 7% Multi-racial
2%
19%
22%
$5,750
Multi-age classrooms, looping
Developmental, project-based approach
No grades; student portfolios
About the Author
An administrative career of over 26 years in the civil service has coupled with a lifetime of learning in various forums. I wish to share my knowledge and wisdom through written expression, as I strongly believe that how to learn is the most important lesson gained from academic studies tempered with real-life experience.
Yo Yo Ma plays John Williams Cello Concerto third movement
User manuals are important communication tool for explaining features to the customer. Today product designers and engineering firms take user manuals seriously. In this article you will find some useful tips on how you can design a great and efficient manual based on our experience of proven practices, way the information flow and how a customer engage with technical manual.
Basic guidelines for writing user manuals:
Always avail a physical copy of manual with the product rather than a PDF or word document.
Give your writer actual product to clearly understand it and use it for explaining functions and operation.
Manual must start with quick start guide.
It is important to precisely map instructions on to the product.
Involve step-by-step process for instructions i.e. in chronological order.
A higher percentage of users don't even open the user manual as being either irrelevant or just too complex to deal with. To prevent this product developer and the writing team has to put extra efforts to make a strong and positive first impression.
Following instructions may help:
Use different manual for different language depending on local crowd
The manual should not look like a text-book
Color combinations should be used carefully for better look and feel
It should not be too big or too complex.
Images and process diagrams should be used carefully
Font-type and Font-size should be chosen carefully.
Provide toll free number for further assistance
To make your manual appealing to the customer it is critical that he or she easily finds what they are looking for. You need to provide easy navigation and indexing of items along with right keywords. In this article you will find some useful tips on how you can design a great and efficient manual based on our experience of proven practices, way the information flow and how a customer engage with technical manual.
Basic guidelines for making manual easily navigable:
Maintain a hierarchy for data and information.
Use color variations and tabs to arrange it hierarchically
Offer terminology and technical jargon section
Provide a key word index
Manual must start with quick start guide.
Provide troubleshooting instructions
For more information on technical writing manuals or get answer to your queries email us.
About the Author
Richard Bothom is member of Technical Writing Manuals team at CADMOS – an established engineering firm offering wide range of Product Design, Rapid Prototyping, Reverse Engineering, Technical Publication and CAD/CAM Drawing services at competitive rates. For any assistance email at info@cadmoutsourcing.com
Four Steps, Four Days To Marketing Yourself As A Consultant
Today's economy has turned a lot of valuable employees into consultants. You have oodles of specific knowledge, you know there are companies that can use it, and you want to launch your own consulting business. Trouble is, you are an engineer, an operations manager, an financial analyst, a technical writer … not a marketer.
By now you've figured out that marketing yourself as a consultant requires specific action – it's definitely not a case of, "If you build it, they will come." Never fear, I have some ideas to help you establish your reputation as an expert, get your name out there, and begin building your consulting business by the end of the week!
Day #1 – Your Marketing Plan
You don't have to spend weeks putting together your business or marketing plan, and you don't have to pay someone to do it for you. The real value of putting together a solid plan is the way it makes you think through different scenarios, the competition, and the product you will be offering. A really great plan will also keep you on track as you build your business and it should be considered a working document – edit and change it as frequently as necessary.
Answer each of the following questions in writing and please don't take more than 15 minutes per.
Who is your ideal client? Consider size of company, industry, for profit or not. This is your absolute ideal, not a listing of any type of company that might be able to use your services. Describe who you want to work for. Focused marketing will pay off far greater than a shotgun approach.
What work do you want to do? Similar to the first question, describe your ideal work. If you would like, you can create a separate description for secondary work.
How do you want to work? Telecommute, onsite, or a combination? Do you want to travel?
Why does your ideal client want you? Describe your core competencies and how you are different from the average consultant.
Now you need to flip it over – What type of client business do you not want to work for? What work do you not want to do? How do you not want to work?
Day #2 – Your Resume
You do need to put some time in to presenting your experience and core competencies in a couple of different ways. First, start with your standard resume. There is much material available on creating a great resume so I'll not spend time on that topic. Once your resume is complete, create the following three complimentary items:
One Sheet
Online Bio
Elevator Speech
A One Sheet is marketing collateral about your consulting business, designed to pique the interest of the reader. Where your resume is a professional, legal document that describes in detail where you have been, your One Sheet summarizes where you are going. Use present tense, bullets, lots of white space. Your One Sheet should be able to be read or scanned in a very short amount of time and provide a brief overview of your talents.
Next, continue to distill your marketing message down to a 30-second statement that speaks to your value proposition. Your elevator speech is not your job title. When someone asks you what you do and you answer, "I am a consultant," you've just missed an opportunity to market yourself to an interested party. Your elevator speech should tell a story about who you are and what drives you.
I am on a mission to assist microbusiness owners in using the Internet to grow their business, interact with customers and clients, and level the playing field against much larger competition. The term "small business" is a misnomer -- there is a vast difference in resources between a small-business with as many as 500 employees, and the entrepreneur who is going it alone. I have first-hand knowledge of the challenges that face these solopreneurs and I help them use Web 2.0 technologies to reach huge audiences with nothing but a great product, a laptop, and a pile of creativity.
Finally, create an awesome online bio to be used primarily on LinkedIn and your blog.
Judi Young is a writer and entrepreneur on a mission to assist small and micro businesses worldwide in joining the online conversation. Follow her blog at ..., where you can also link to her on Facebook and Twitter.
Day # 3 – Social Networking
Social etiquette
How successful would you be at a live business networking event if you came in like a politician 10 minutes late to a campaign stop -- in a mad hurry to shake every hand and pass out brochures and free pens, spieling off your top three campaign promises, not interested in chatting with and getting to know people, only in talking about yourself, your services, your consulting business. Believe it or not, there are people right now treating social networking as a campaign stop. It's the biggest mistake you can make.
Instead, treat your online socializing and networking connections as you treat real live people at networking events:
Listen 80%, Talk 20%
Always be polite and respectful
Offer and provide assistance, advice, information
Provide your online business card (web or blog address) for more information
If you connect with someone who likes and respects you, and has a need for your services, they will seek you out.
Facebook
You may already have a personal Facebook page. It is acceptable, even encouraged, to provide your professional contacts a glimpse into your personal life—to a degree. If you use Facebook regularly to keep up with friends and family, post pictures, and make political statements, you may want to consider whether your Facebook activity puts you in the best possible light with your clients. Maintaining a Facebook page is not critical to your success as a consultant, so you may wish to continue using Facebook as your personal site and rely on LinkedIn to socialize professionally. Tip: Farmville, MafiaWars, and other Facebook applications are generally considered to be in bad form in a professional environment.
LinkedIn
LinkedIn is the most important site for a consultant to be active on. How did we connect with past colleagues, current business contacts, and other professionals prior to LinkedIn? Once you have your resume and marketing plan completed, sign up for a LinkedIn personal account (free) and start connecting. The initial LinkedIn process will walk you through connecting to colleagues already in their database. You cannot have too many connections on LinkedIn, so reach out to everyone you have worked with no matter how long ago. Next, connect to everyone you currently do business with—your real estate agent, your insurance agent, your lawyer, baker, and your children's teacher.
Now comes the tough part: You must get recommendations in order to build Social Proof. Ask for 20 recommendations via LinkedIn today. Right now. LinkedIn makes it very easy. Just locate the Recommendations selection under Profile and select as many as 200 of your contacts. You can use the standard LinkedIn text in your request or customize it with your own words. LinkedIn sends out an individual message to each of the contacts you specified with your request for a recommendation. Now return the favor. Without being prompted, write recommendations for people you've worked with. View a few recommendations first and simply follow the format.
LinkedIn groups are an excellent way to begin to establish yourself as an expert in your field and to provide assistance to your new connections worldwide. Search out and join all groups that are interesting. You can find groups based on your industry, hobbies, geographic location, alma mater (don't forget high school), and so on. For the purposes of networking for your consulting business, select groups with more than 1,000 members. LinkedIn limits the number of groups to which you can belong to 50, and some groups require approval by a group manager so there may be a bit of a wait before you can join.
Once you join groups that are interesting to you, spend a bit of time perusing active discussions for the group before you dive in and begin answering questions.
Finally, status updates—it is important for you to begin posting your status at least three times per day. You can reference a good article you read online (use bit.ly/ to shorten URLs), tell everyone what you are working on, or talk about what you had for breakfast. The important thing is that you provide some insight to your day, show that you are being productive, and stay connected.
Twitter
Unless you want to consult in social media, it is not necessary that you become a twitterer. Tweeting regularly could help you up your social cred and increase contacts, however it is something you can undertake on day five and beyond.
Day #4 – Article Marketing and Your Blog
LinkedIn and Article Marketing are the one-two punch of your marketing strategy. You will begin writing industry-specific articles that establish you as a thought-leader and a subject-matter expert and you will publish them to your blog. You will also blast them out to Article Marketing sites and to Digg.
Article Marketing simply means publishing your original article to the Internet via sites that are dedicated to distributing such articles. Effective Article Marketing increases your overall exposure and establishes you as an expert in your field.
Your blog primarily exists as a landing place to hold your articles and allow your community to connect with you. Yahoo, Google, and Posterous are very quick and easy blogs to set up. I use and love Wordpress.com, but will admit that there was a learning curve in understanding the interface, setting up widgets and so on. I recommend you set up a very easy blog to begin and roll that in to a more advanced platform down the road.
Writing and publishing articles for mass consumption is a bit daunting, so I've come up with this quick exercise to help. Find a kitchen timer and set it for 2 hours.
Create a free account on EzineArticles.com.
Create a free account on Digg.com
Write an industry-specific article, in under 90-minutes. Unless you regularly write for your industry, you might have a problem getting started. I personally stared off in to space for two days trying to think of a topic. Just pick something, anything, to get you started. Your second article will be much better, and the third better than that. How about the top 5 things I need to know about your industry? Or top 5 things to consider when hiring a consultant?
Whew. You did it. Ok, so I rushed you and this first one probably won't get picked up, but the publishing process should no longer be scary. Pretty soon you will be jotting down article ideas on gum wrappers while stuck in traffic.
There are many other Article Marketing distribution sites that you can use; a quick google search will produce many hits. Try businessknowhow.com and buzzle.com, and then find more on your own.
Each time you write a new article, spend a few minutes searching discussion forums for appropriate conversations. Quote your article as an answer to a question and be sure to provide a link to your blog.
Day #5 and Ongoing– Use Your Resources
Just as you will be giving away some of your key knowledge in order to establish credibility, so are others. There is much free, valuable information on the Internet. Check out my blog for a sampling of sites aimed at small and micro business owners.
About the Author
Judi Young is a writer and entrepreneur on a mission to assist small and micro businesses worldwide in joining the online conversation. Follow her blog at www.judiyoung.com, where you can also link to her on Facebook and Twitter.
Information on Lucrative Pharmaceutical Executive Jobs
Are you trying to determine which job field to study? Maybe you're one of the thousands of current Americans now in an unemployment line, being forced to return to college and start a completely new career training because your job or entire company has relocated overseas. Pharmaceutical Executive jobs is a lucrative career field to consider where many earn workers salaries ranging from $55,000 up to over $120,000. Positions such as a Senior Scientist, Psyschometrician, Clinical Project Manager, Executive Director of Business Development, or Territory Sales Manager name just a few.
A Senior Scientist generally oversees scientists and engineers within their department. Senior Scientists must master configurations and formulations of products entering the development stage. As representatives of their department, they must also insure the technology process being used is state of the art for products about to be released to the consumer market.
Psychometricians have more of a technical career. They are assigned with the task of defining a client's needs and determining requirements for top quality and successful project development. A Psychometrician may be responsible for coordinating pharmaceutical job analyses and some technical writing such as White Papers may be required.
A Clinical Project Manager will coordinate and implement having to oversee multipurpose teams while developing a product. They provide key points of support and communication with clients throughout the entire product research and development stages. It is their responsibility to identify deficiencies in progress and establish improvements.
The Executive Director of Business Development oversees the marketing and sales. They would be responsible for hiring, training, and building their personnel in order to produce a marketing leader out of the pharmaceutical corporation they represent. Keeping their staff motivated and continuously updating their skills based with the newest training programs is expected of them as well . An Executive Director of Business Development also needs to work closely with Senior Management of various departments, insuring productivity comes from all sectors of the company.
Territory Sales Managers manage the pharmaceutical sales of a specific region. Some of their responsibilites include continuously motivating and training the sales producers within their territory, always developing new strategies to raise daily sales levels and to guarantee their clients are receiving top notch quality not only in products but in customer service, too. A Territory Sales Manager position would fall almost directly below an Executive Director of Business Development.
A majority of these Pharmaceutical executive jobs are not run of the mill entry-level positions. However, if you've worked as a medical laboratory technician, then you've already acquired some scientific experience. If you've worked as a Copywriter or Technical Writer in the industry, then you have experience to build on becoming a Psychometrician. Outside Sales experience with a Food Services Corporation can prepare you for a position such as Territory Sales Manager, Management of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Sales, or possibly even becoming an Executive Director of Business Development, if you possess any supervisory skills.
Some of these jobs can be home-based or regional which would require frequent travel. One career that may be less intimidating to enter is the field of Management of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Sales, especially if you previously worked as a telemarketer or with an automobile dealership. Regardless of which of these Pharmaceutical executive jobs you choose to pursue, either one can be not only a lucrative career but one that's certainly out of the ordinary.
About the Author
Joe Blogger is a leader in the field of Pharmaceutical Executive Jobs and employment matters. Joe Blogger has written numerous informative articles relating to pharmaceutical careers and careers in executive positions.
Install PowerPivot for SharePoint 3: Install SharePoint Server using Prerequisite Installer
Some Do's And Dont's That Every Professional SEO Content Writer Follows
Content writing is an art. It is not the skill of anyone or everyone. In order to be a professional SEO content writer, one needs to have a lot of skills. The first and foremost important skill that an individual needs to possess for being a professional content writer is that he/she needs to be fluent in English and should know how to write grammatically correct English. However, this doesn't mean that every individual who knows to write grammatically correct English can be a professional website content writer. In order to be a professional in this field, one must know the techniques of content writing.
Every professional SEO content writer makes it a point to follow certain do's and dont's. Let us first discuss about some do's that the web content writers follow.
The content writes makes it a point to keep the paragraph of the content short and crisp. On the Internet, people are always in need of information that is available quickly. So, if one writes long paragraphs with irrelevant content, no one would read. The visitor would log on to some other site to find the information that he/she wants. Contents with headings and subheadings are also very much preferred.
In content writing the writer's main intention is to grab the interest of the web visitors through their writing style. This is the reason why the content writers make it a point to ask questions and make the readers think about the topic that they are writing. They also make it a point to use active voice. In content writing, the writers use the least possible words for expressing their thoughts and ideas regarding what they want to say. All these things make the writing more interesting and attention grabbing.
In content writing, the writers make it a point to identify the right and highly searched key phrases and keywords while writing the content for the website. The writers also keep in mind the keyword density while writing the content so that it doesn't get spam in the Google.
Now let us discuss about some of the dont's that a professional SEO content writer must follow while writing a web content.
The professional web writers never copy and paste the content. They write the content in their own words so that it passes the copyscape.
The professional writers always avoid writing complex sentences and using stiff and archaic language. They also never flower it up.
A professional SEO content writer never uses too many keywords in the content. They know how many times the keywords need to be used in the content in order to make the content rank higher in the search engine.
Do you want to hire a content writer for your needs? How about finding a reputed and reliable content writing firm India and outsourcing your content writing requirements to them? You can get your work within the promised time and your job done at a very affordable rate by hiring a content writer from India.
Make Money At Home as a Writer- Write Clearly and Concisely
If you want to become a writer for the internet, it is necessary to bear in mind what your readers want. They want facts and they want them in smaller, bite-size pieces. It's important to remember to provide it to them clearly and concisely and devoid of a great deal of excess words. Do not try to make an impression on the readers with elaborate language, just give him what he is looking for, facts.
Consider these phrases: resulting from the fact that, for the that, in view of the fact that. Each one of these phrases can be replaced by a single word, because. In the same way, has the ability to, has the capacity for, and is in a position to can each be replaced by the word "can." When you're writing specifically to provide data, less is more.
Read this sentence, "He made the decision to drop out of school on account of the fact that there was a necessity for him to aid support in looking after his family." Evaluate that sentence to this, "He dropped out of college to help support his family." Doesn't the second sentence offer the exact same information extra plainly?
Now you try one. Rewrite this sentence more clearly, "In the event that you happen to find yourself in agreement with me throughout the course of the meeting, please make it a point to speak out."
If you're producing a novel or a poem, go ahead and use all the flowery language you choose . It is appropriate in some types of writing. But if you're creating articles for use online, keep in mind what the reader would like is quick data. When you ramble or pad sentences with added words, you'll lose your reader before the end.
About the Author
If you think you have what it takes and want to find out how to begin a career as a freelance writer, click www.howtobecomeawriter.net. Sign up for a free report that will help you get started today. Click How to Become a Writer now.
technical writer job description"technical writer job description" What are the academic qualifications required to get a job as a technical writer?
Also, what exactly is the job description/job profile like? And what kind of experience is required?
I have friends who are technical writers, one has a major in english with a minor in computer science. You are going to want other technical experience.
Music Producer Career Information : Music Producer Job Description
Jawaharlal Nehru, on the afternoon of March 19, 1955, while addressing the members of the Punjab High Court at the inauguration of its new building in Chandigarh, said, “Justice in India should be simple, speedy and cheap.” He remarked that litigation was a disease and it could not be a good thing to allow any disease to spread and then go out in search of doctors. Referring to an adage that “Justice Delayed is Justice Denied”, Pt. Nehru stressed that disposal of cases must not be delayed.
Securing Justice – Social, Economic and Political to all citizens is one of the key mandates of the Indian Constitution. This has been explicitly made so in Article 39 – A of the Constitution that directs the state “to secure equal justice and free legal aid for all its citizens.” But the experience of last 57 years shows that the state has failed to dispense quick, inexpensive justice to protect the rights of the poor and the vulnerable. Hon’ble Justice B.P. Singh, a serving Judge of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, spoke on the topic “Justice Delayed is Justice Denied: the Plight of Indian Poor” at Observer Research Foundation and said that “the situation today is so grim that if a poor is able to reach to the stage of Hon’ble High Court, it should be considered as an achievement. It has merely become a court of the rich.”
The justice delivery system is on the verge of collapse with more than 30 million cases clogging the system. There are cases that take so much time that even a generation is too short to get any type of redressal. A brief look at some of the judicial statistics would tell the true story of the state of justice in India today: -
On an average, 50 lakh crimes are registered everyday, which are sought to be investigated by the police.
The pendency of criminal cases in subordinate courts is in the region of 1.32 crores and the effective strength of judges is 12,177.
· The number of under – trials in criminal cases pending in the courts is 1.44 crores and of these over 2 lakh persons are in prison.
· On an average, Courts are able to dispose off 19% of pending cases every year.
The reasons for delay could be attributed to the fact that every case moves from the lowest to the highest level. Too many revisions, bails, applications make five cases of one. The Centre and the State Governments also contribute to the backlog. Not only is the Govt. the biggest litigant but also it creates fresh litigation because it doesn’t honour judicial decisions. Another obstacle to speedy justice is adjournments. As far as the situation in Subordinate Courts is concerned, the infrastructure is non existent and at times the judges have to write judgments with their own hands as they don’t have stenos. Every subordinate judge is caught between oppressive workload and hardly any time or facilities.
Constitution which mandates that the state shall secure that the operation of the legal system shall promote justice, on a basis of equal opportunity and shall ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen. The Judiciary is bound to shape the processes of the law to actualize the constitutional resolve to secure equal justice to all. A people who are illiterate by and large, indigent in no small measure, feudal in their way of life, and tribal and backward in large numbers, need an unconventional cadre of jurists and judges, if equal justice under the law is to be a reality. If there is breach, judicial power must offer effective shelter. Even if a legislation hurting or hampering the backward sector is passed, the higher courts have to declare the statute void, if it be contra-constitutional. In sum, the judicial process, in its functional fulfillment, must be at once a shield and sword in defending the have-nots when injustice afflicts them. And this must be possible even if the humbler folk, directly aggrieved, are too weak to move the court on their own and a socially sensitive agency advocates the cause. Securing justice - social, economic and political to all citizens is one of the key mandates of the Indian Constitution. This has been explicitly made so in the Article 39-A of the Constitution that directs the State - to secure equal justice and free legal aid for the citizens. But the experiences of last 57 years show that the State has failed squarely on addressing some very basic issues--quick and inexpensive justice and protecting the rights of poor and the vulnerable. The justice delivery system is on the verge of collapse with more than 30 million cases clogging the system. There are cases that take so much of time that even a generation is too short to get any type of redressal.
That it will take more than 300 years to clear the backlog of cases in Indian courts is proof enough that our criminal justice system is sick, stagnant and in urgent need of a complete overhaul. A committee was set up, a couple of years ago, under Justice V S Malimath to examine changes and its report came, coincidentally, at the time that justice was finally done in the Uphaar Cinema case and just before the fourth anniversary, Jessica Lal’s horrific murder. Both cases draw attention, in different ways, to the glaring flaws in our justice system.
In the Uphaar case it is shocking that it took ten years to establish that the 59 people died because of criminal negligence on the part of the cinema management and the Delhi government. It was clear from day one that nobody would have died had the cinema followed safety rules but because the wheels of Indian justice move at the pace of our national vehicle - the bullock cart - it took ten years for justice to be done.
Causes of Delay:-
Delay in disposition of cases- Due to huge pendency, the cases take years for its final disposal, which would normally take few months time. The arrears cause delay and delay means negating the accessibility of justice in true terms to the common man. The very core of a civil society and rule of law is the provision of justice, but the decision must be delivered within a reasonable time. It is totally unfair if a suspected criminal waits for trial for years and is ultimately found innocent. Similarly, the victim of the crime will be also not satisfied if there is no punishment to the criminal for so long. Only speedy justice could ensure effective maintenance of Law and order. Quality of justice not only promotes peace in the society but also strengthens internal security of the country. There are number of litigations which could be avoided if Govt. officials had taken interest, for e.g. section 80 of CPC require a prior notice of two months to Govt. by a party who wish to sue the Govt. The purpose of this section is to give time to Govt. to settle the matter with such party by taking proper and suitable action, and thereby could avoid unwanted and unnecessary litigation. But the utter failure of Govt. official in taking a quick, bold and suitable action inspite of giving time forces a person to file case.
Strength of Judges are inadequate according to population and bunch of cases. As of January 2005, pending cases in the Supreme Court number 30,000, in high courts over 33.79 lakh and in subordinate courts over 2.35 crore - a totally unacceptable situation. Much of this is due to shortage of judges. The ratio of judges to population is 10.5 to one million, the lowest in the world. Even this low level is not reached because of the accumulation of vacancies in the Benches -140 against the approved strength of 668 judges in high courts and 2000 against 15000 in subordinate courts.4
The infrastructure of the lower courts is very disappointing. Though, the Supreme Court and High Courts are having good infrastructure but this in not the same position with lower courts. The Courts have no convenient building or physical facilities. The executive has failed to provide necessary infrastructure to enable judiciary and function normally. Good library, requisite furniture, sufficient staff and reasonable space are the need of the qualitative justice. In some courts security systems is also not good. The legal profession is one of the most struggling profession but no social security scheme is available for lawyers, some financial aid should be provided to Bar associations or the new beginners by the government. The good working condition of the lawyers would help in the excellence of service and qualitative justice to the litigating public.
Competency of the Other Staff in Court : It should also be kept in mind that not only Judges and Advocates be competent but also the administrative and clerical staff. The clerical staff must be free from all type of corruption. This is the era of computerization. The highly technical and competitive clerical staff will also help in speedy course. We all know how much time is taken in getting merely a copy of the judgment? It is hard that money is used to speed up the process. The bribe giver does not wish, to get anything done unlawfully, but merely wants to speed up the process of movement of files and communication relating to decision. Certain sections of staff concerned do work only after taking money.
Investigative agencies generally delay : The investigation of crime It is generally heard that the accused gets bail as the investigating agency failed to submit charge sheet within statutory period. The combination of several functions, such as crime investigation, riot control, intelligence gathering, and security of VIPs by a single police force has a devastating effect on the criminal justice system. Nowadays, the crime investigation is not immune from the partisan politics. The power of the government to drop criminal charges against the accused has further abused it. The lethargic police investigation is also a ground of slow process of law.
Consider the condition of the poor victims of Bhopal gas Leak disaster, which took a toll of 15000 people. Twenty years had passed to that ghastly incident; still now victims were fighting for its compensation, which fails to measure up the damage caused to them. Consider the terrible situation occurred in August 1991 as massacre of Dalits at Tsundur in Andhra Pradesh. 13 years had passed to that incident, the families of the victims of Tsundur, still await justice for those who died. They say, they will not find any peace until the guilty are punished for their crime. Consider the condition of those girls who were brutally gang raped during the Godhra riots in front of their helpless family members. Consider the victims of Best Bakery case who still awaits justice to be dispensed in their favour but the climax starts with the key witness in the case turned hostile and the entire fate of the Bakery case is in turmoil. Today the victims of the all the above-enumerated cases know full well that the price of truth is extremely high.
“Still they are waiting… But for what? Whether all these amounts to justice?”
Remedies to Overcome Delay (Suggestions)
I. Talking about the strategies to deal with justice delay, an improved justice delivery system means cutting down the number of adjournments, reducing the time for arguments, keeping a check on review petitions/ frivolous petitions, stopping lawyers extending cases and so on.
II. Punishments should be very stringent and the implementing authorities should be tough so that crime comes down automatically.
III. Lawyers should encourage out of Court settlements.
IV. In case a lawyer looses a certain number of cases, his license should be suspended for sometime so that lawyers refrain from taking up frivolous cases.
V. Govt. Officials should be made personally liable for lapses so that cases against the Govt. are reduced.
VI. The number of appeals to be filed for each category of case should be fixed. Every litigant should not be allowed to go to the Hon’ble Supreme Court. If need be, the law can be changed accordingly.
VII. It is needed to establish a body at national level composed of Judges, Lawyers and Legal academics, which should be charged with a duty to conduct examinations for recruitment to Indian Judicial Service (IJS). Article 233 will have to be amended to confer power on the president to appoint members of Indian Judicial Services on the recommendation of National Judicial Service Commission. The creation of Indian Judicial Service is appeared necessary to get best available talent in the country.
VIII. There is urgently need to improve the basic infrastructure and management of resources. Modern technology and use of computers could also increase the efficiency of the court system. The judiciary has also to learn management techniques through training at all levels. Though, the Supreme Court and High Courts are having good infrastructure but this in not the same position with lower courts. The lower courts are the basic institution of justice and to improve the quality of the justice dispensed with, it is necessary to improve their infrastructure by modern technology. Lack of funds should not be allowed to enter in the way of development of infrastructure, as external security is necessary, internal maintenance of law and order is also necessary for the internal security, national interest, peace and progress. In general budget certain handsome amount could also be allocated to judiciary like defence and education or a separate judicial budget should be placed, like railway budget. The panel of government lawyer should also be on merits not on the basis of nearness to ministers. As the government is the largest litigant, more transparency is required on their part. Govt. counsel should be selected on the basis of merit, efficiency, integrity, by some transparent manner. There should also be some permanent vigilance provision to observe the working of the public prosecutors. Security system in courts also needs improvement for proper confidence of people and fearless functioning of system. Information-counter should be set up in every court for the convenience of litigating public.
IX. Our criminal justice system has the urgent requirement of Independent Investigative Agency. Delay in police investigation is also one reason due to which cases linger on for years. It is, therefore, good to create an independent wing of police force, fully in charge of crime investigation, and functioning under the direct control of independent prosecutors. That wing should be accountable to judiciary and not to particular government of a time. The practice of torture and third degree methods, extra judicial execution in fake encounters may be stopped also when crime investigation machinery became accountable to judiciary. Such type of police wing also became knowledgeable about the type and method of the evidence needed. Hence, baseless cases, which lead acquittal, also could come down. So, there should be co-ordination between police and prosecuting agencies. The early disposal of case also boosts the morals of police force and will save time, which would have been taken in producing arrestee to the court Horn time to time.
X. We have inherited British legal system, British prescribed it at that time, without considering the need of Indian society nor did they consider the practical of the procedure. So, this system is drawn from different sources without seeing the ground realities. Some people today prefer to keep quiet, rather than go to the court of law. So, now this system is more Indianised for making it fit to society. It is heard that in ancient time justice system was very good. The disputes were settled on the spot by delivering justice. But ancient justice proceedings were oral in general and therefore no much record is available. Now we can take modem know-how from the countries, which have best justice delivery system by getting acquainted with the procedure followed there, if fit to Indian society. The civil and criminal procedure codes and the laws of evidence have to be substantially revised to meet the requirements of modem judicial administration. Though most of procedural laws are effective even today but some provision needs revision, especially the civil laws. To lessen the burden of cases, we may introduce the concept of’ Plea-bargaining' by decriminalization of those wrongs, which can justly be dealt with by compensatory remedies (Compensation to victim like in tort). The institutions involved in justice delivery system such as the police, the prosecution, and the court, prison etc.-requires to be reformed in terms of organization, procedures, resources and accountability. So that, nowhere citizen feels uneasiness. There should be time limits prescribed for adjudication. There should be uniform formats for the appeals and petitions to make the procedure easy. The judgment should be in brevity and clarity. The concept like of public interest litigation is always welcoming, which is affordable to common men. Hence, there is a lot of scope to improve the situation. For e.g. Section 301 Cr. P.c. should be amended to allow the victim to appoint a lawyer of his choice in addition to public prosecutor to defend his case. Similarly, Section 3 13 (3) of Cr. P.C. also be amended so that the accused would be held liable for refusal to give answer or telling lie. The victim will be allowed to cross-examine the accused to elucidate the truth. There must be some fixed time for presentation of written statement, counter claim and reply like the plaint, under the I imitation Act. After all procedural law is meant to further ends of justice.
Conclusion
While the problem of delay looks daunting, it can be dealt with, by having more fast track Courts, making judicial services more attractive thereby attracting good lawyers and filling up all vacancies at various Courts. We can conclude from the above discussion that we should not resort in extra-ordinary hurry-up of cases by whatever means. As justice delayed is justice denied, similarly, the saying, justice hurried is justice buried is equally true. Therefore, sufficient, reasonable and due hearing of every cases with consideration of its circumstances is the necessary requirement of natural justice and balance of convenience. In fact, the untiring efforts put by fear and flavorless Indian Judiciary is doing commendable job of imparting justice in spite of so many difficulties, which created faith of public in the rule. Of law is a great achievement, which really requires deep appreciation. Social justice will be possible only if the entire concept of egalitarian politico-social order is followed, where no one is exploited, where every one is liberated and where every one is equal and free from Hunger and poverty. The proverb ‘Justice Delayed is Justice Denied’ is proved as it is denied to the poorest of the poor. Providing basic necessities to them will amount to Justice because the definition of justice varies from individuals to individuals on the basis of its economic conditions. According to B.P.Singh J the situation today is so grim that if a poor is able to reach to the stage of a high court, it should be considered as an achievement. Cases should be decided for imparting justice not for the sake of its disposal. Secondly, Arbitration procedure must be utilized as a better option for quick disposal of cases. Finally, to conclude with the words of Lord Hewet as it is of fundamental importance that justice should not only be done, but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done.
“Without Justice, life would not be possible and even if it were it would not be worth living" ......Giorgio Del Vecchio”
About the Author
Iam 22years old, resident of Hyderabad,India.perusing BBM.LLB from The ICFAI Law School at Dehradun, India. My hobbies are reading and surfing the net. I have a great interest in Information technology and mobile technology and at leisure I write articles on law topics, some of them have been published online. I have participated in essay contests and have won them at 1st and 2nd positions.
