How to prepare financial report?
I am not sure what you mean by a financial report. The main statements are Income Statement, the Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows. A financial report might include key financial data and ratios? I would nede more ifnormation to give you a better answer.
1) What to write? What is new?
The term "new" is seemingly easy to define. This is all happening again around us: current events, issues of time, new projects or initiatives. But a newspaper does not publish only the news of the day. It also publishes further analysis, opinions and articles of human interest.
Recognize what will be good news may be more difficult.
The journalist must choose between the flow of information and events that reach him from his community and throughout the world. His usual criteria are: size, ability to move, timeliness and interest. Note that these factors are not necessarily all present simultaneously in each article!
2) "Hard news" or "soft news"? Articles or reports of substance?
Sections of "hard news" (roughly 600 words) are the record of events or incidents lately. They constitute the bulk of the new one from a regular day.
The beginning (first paragraph) summarizes the facts. What happened? Where? When? Who / By whom? Why? This summary should be very short. The rest of the text is there to give details.
Writing must be clear and concise. Above all, it should give readers the information they need. If the federal government yesterday announced a new program of major importance for young people is a good news story for today.
Sections of "soft news" (roughly 600 words) are common characteristic of not being connected to the news immediately. They may be portraits of individuals, profiles of organizations or programs. The primer here may be more literary.
The depth stories (roughly 1500 words) take step back to the new one. They explore a question. Even if they are more distant from the immediate present, they are as important journalism. They can be a good way to explore issues too complex for the telegraphic style of a new topical. Example: a report on homeless youth. A longer text will reflect the complexity of their individual stories.
The depth stories are at the heart of journalism. A good story to give life back to your community, their struggles, their victories and their defeats. A background report chooses an angle (eg black youth back to church) and explored by interviewing the people involved and drawing conclusions from their statements. The author addresses the question of the important time and tells the reader through the comments of people involved.
Recommendation: Do not forget to "balance" your text. Present different views of people on an issue and let the reader choose who to believe. Your personal opinion should not appear. These are quotes from people interviewed who build the report. You are the narrator.
The editorial: An editorial expresses an opinion. The editorial page of a newspaper allows authors to express their own views. All editorials are personal, but they must be of interest to the reader.
3) How to structure your text
News articles ( "hard news" or "soft news") and depth stories all have the same basic structure: an introduction, then the body text.
Introduction
The first or first two paragraphs are among the essential elements of a new text. Journalists call it the beginning (or "lead"). Its function is to summarize the content when it comes to news stories, to hook the reader, when it comes to general news.
In the "hard news", summarizes the primer that follows and answer the best 5 questions traditional journalism (who, what, where, when and why). (Example: "Young homeless expressed on Sherbrooke Street in Montreal, Wednesday afternoon, claiming the mayor emergency housing during the winter." Can you identify the 5 basic questions in this primer?)
In the "soft news", the theme is presented in a less direct and more literary. The author tries to catch the reader's attention as would a novelist. (Example: "There are four years, Simon was sleeping in the streets or under bridges?" Once the reader hooked, the journalist respond to 5 questions in the text, but not necessarily at the very beginning.)
Body text
It incorporates the views of those interviewed, some facts and your own narration that structures the text. Beware though, you have no right to "editorialisation, that is to say to express your own views in any way whatsoever in this type of article.
Remember:
The role of a journalist is to discover and report the different views of people involved in a given situation. Their comments should represent the bulk of the text. The narrative helps to weave it all into a coherent whole. Recommendation: Do not treating one topic per article. There may be a variety of details, but all must be related to the original idea. (Example: if you want to deal with relationships of young blacks with the police, you SHOULD NOT get lost in the biography of a young in particular.)
As journalists, you are the eyes and ears of the reader. The visual details are important to give life to the text (for this, the interviews in person are always preferable to telephone interviews). You must also "feel" about you, that is to say, develop an understanding of the emotional context of the issue involved and the views expressed by those involved.
Agree? Here are two examples that summarize each case essentially to cover.
Young people come together to form an organization. You must say why they do it and what changes they are trying to promote in society. You must also specify who they are and what strategies they plan to use.
An artist is exhibited for the first time. Why? That thinks it's art? His creative process is it rational or emotional? What works like his?
4) Some other tips
How to find ideas
Keep your ears and eyes open, listen to what your friends are talking about.
Read everything that comes to hand, find ideas in other newspapers and magazines.
Discover the views of young people in a matter of time.
Work on a subject that interests you and you would like to learn more.
Talk to people involved in a particular area to see what they attach importance.
How to search for information
Find up articles on the subject.
Tell your friends and associates.
Contact associations and organizations specialized in the field or interested in the issue.
Get a list of people to interview, cover both sides of the story by interviewing people who have different viewpoints on the issue.
Find government statistics and study of old reports and press releases on the subject.
Do's and Don'ts in an Interview
Always be polite.
Explain the basic rules of interviewing people who know how the media. In other words, tell them that everything they say can and will be published. What if they want one or more parts of their statements are not published, they must absolutely you specify.
Save the interview (for a proof if challenged).
Build a relationship of trust with the interviewee.
Start with easy questions, keep the most difficult for last.
Pay attention to body language of the interviewee, if a question is on the defensive, leave to return later.
Never be aggressive.
Keep control of the interview does not allow the interviewee to get lost in long speeches or out of the topic.
Do not, on the other hand, your preconceptions about what it should say color the interview. Always remember that the interviewee knows more than you on the issue.
Organizing Information
Gather your notes, interviews and searches in a single folder.
Read them.
Look for the common theme that emerges.
Select quotes and interesting data.
Expand the focus of your article.
Summarize this axis in two or three sentences.
Writing and editing
Remember that your role is to tell, to shape a story.
Do not be afraid to rewrite and correct.
Write as clearly and concisely as possible.
Adopt a direct style.
Tell a good story.
Give the reader what you think he wants to know.
Ask yourself what is the specific topic of your article.
Read the article aloud, listen carefully to you.
Look for the common theme that emerges.
Select quotes and interesting data.
Expand the focus of your article.
Summarize this axis in two or three sentences.
Writing and editing
Remember that your role is to tell, to shape a story.
Do not be afraid to rewrite and correct.
Write as clearly and concisely as possible.
Adopt a direct style.
Tell a good story.
Give the reader what you think he wants to know.
Ask yourself what is the specific topic of your article.
Read the article aloud, listen carefully to you.
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Over the past decade, many new services have become available to the whole world through the internet, one of those services are Custom Writing Services. So what is it all about? Today, people have no time to write or do not want to write because they are lazy. Some people might have to write reports, other might need to write essays for schools, and some college or university students can also be too tired to write their term paper for themselves, so all of these people search for a place where they could buy premade or new essays, reports, and term papers.
Most writing services are available on the internet. This is what happens, you go to the website, check their prices which are normally ten to eleven dollars per page with a 12.5 font size, buy a document or order one to be written about the topic you wish to be written about, pay them and enter your recipient details. Custom Writing Services websites have two methods of obtaining essays, reports or term papers: either by buying it from anonymous people online, or by hiring people to work for them and work fulltime to write whenever someone orders a specific topic to be written.
The most common and most popular writing services are custom essay writing services, primarily because the demand on essays in everyday life outscores the demand on reports, term papers, and any other type of writing. Many essays are sold every day through the internet via essay selling websites, some of these websites have a good reputation and provide plagiarism free high quality essays, while others are not as good and are most likely plagiarized. When someone orders an essay about a certain topic to be written, it is delivered within less than forty eight hours.
Essay writing services are one of the most popular methods of obtaining good quality essays in the present days, however, it is very necessary to have plagiarism checkers and buy only certified essays. Ordering essays is a very simple task; all you need is a computer, internet, and most likely a credit card or PayPal account.
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A new video released by the Christian Action Network shows Muslim women at a compound in New York state practicing throat-slitting techniques and assault weapons attacks.
The video was distributed by the makers of the movie "Homegrown Jihad: The Terrorist Camps Around the U.S.," which documents how a jihadist group has developed dozens of training camps across the nation.
WND reported at the time how Jamaat ul-Fuqra has built 35 compounds – mostly in the northeastern corridor of the U.S.
Now the organization has posted on YouTube a "chilling" training video provided to CAN by an unnamed law enforcement source about the Muslims of America headquarters in Hancock, New York.
http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=119087
I am sure our compassionate liberals would say YES.
But here is what we need the freedom to do: We need the freedom to deport all Muslims, and keep them deported until the peaceful Muslims that we hear so much about do something to stop the terrorism of the rest of them. These "peaceful" Muslims do nothing. They don't even condemn the terrorism. The want to be here, but it is up to everybody else to fight terrorism.
At the end of every term there is an obligation to the apprentices to inscribe their research paper. The key reason for preparing this assignment is to build up the understanding and effective writing skills in the students. This is the imperative assignment for the students through out his academic career.
This assignment will assist the learners to become a good, effective and skilful writer. There are many reports are assign to the apprentices to be completed in the labs. Nevertheless, the research paper is not like lab report as in lab reports students has to give some answers for generally asked questions. In research paper there is no any general query is being raised from the apprentices. This paper is consisting on over all studies of the students through out their academic career to build the conceptual and writing skills in the students. If you are students then at the ending of the tenure you have to write research paper as per your own selection of the title.
In the whole career of the people the two foremost skills are required the communication skills written and verbal both by the teachers and the employers. Good students and efficient employee must have both skills. These skills are not borrowed from any one it has to be built by your own self.
Resources are used for effective writing:
You must consult from your teachers or from any source to take help for writing your good research document. You can also discuss with the people who have done their own research paper previously in their careers. The following matters you must consult.
Resources for learning technical writing
Before beginning with your first writing assignment, it is suggested to discuss with the below matters, for carrying advantages from the practice.
- The common form of a routine research paper.
- Any precise procedure for the project, see all the review on individual lab researches.
- Establish the appropriate format for mentioning the references such as in APA or MLA formats.
- Inscription of the collection examples. Pdf
For improving your writing skills you can use the following tips.
- Response of the instructor on previous coursework
- Common faults found in apprentice's research papers.
- Some preferred writing conventions are (a bit severe than the other resources).
In biosciences the students can take an idea form the advanced tentative science research paper and also from the journal of biological and chemistry perspective panel. These resources may help the students to provide a plan how to exploit the material as scientific literature.
General type of a research paper
The main purpose is to split your thoughts and effort with the people for interpreting your selective work. When the writer start writing the research paper he search the topic and focuses on the methods for testing the hypothesis statement, finding the specific outcomes, interpretation and study the causes of it, and also prefer to make out a review of the article to ensure that it is pertinent to my nature of research or not. Many journals include the following parts:
- Submission must be as per the sequence listed.
- Every section must be begun with separate and new page.
However, this may be varying to the nature of study. For example in the science research paper, there is the requirement to separate the section al together excluding for the abstract itself. Similarly some journals outcomes and discussion together or including the method or substances after the middle part of the paper.
Your research paper can be required in the as of the journals of science's discipline. This is required to put up your paper with the formats and the styles this is required for the research paper of the biological chemistry.
Ghost Term Papers provides custom term paper and research paper writing services.
Short reports will enable you to build your list, drive massive traffic to your blog and other sites, and increase your online revenue, as long as you think about how you will be able to monetize them over time. That's right, you must decide what you will promote before you even start to write the report, and how to make sure that it remains evergreen (information that will be good for years, not just at the present time) so that you your prospects will be able to use the information you prepare for them for many years to come without it becoming stale or outdated.
The thought of writing a ten page report was daunting to me when I was first getting started with my online business. I had written reports of that length for the classes I had taken in order to get my teaching credential, but I typically had a full semester in which to do my research and prepare my paper on the topic I had chosen or had been assigned. This style of writing is very different. And, I'm happy to tell you, no one will be giving you a grade on what you write!
In fact, you will want to start your short report by just writing a short blog post on your topic. I recommend just letting your ideas flow to see what comes up. I get some of my best ideas this way, and I'm not sure exactly where they come from. I think about what I want to share with my readers, and then just start writing with small paragraphs, such as the ones I am using here.
Like I said in the very beginning, decide what you will be promoting before you write anything more than your blog post or article. Sometimes I am writing in order to promote one of my own courses or programs, but most often it is to promote an affiliate product or course. The idea is to present information in your short report that will explain clearly to the readers how they will benefit from the products you are recommending. It must all make sense to them, in terms of what they need to do first, and then what they need to do next to move closer to their goals.
By now you can see that writing your short report will be an excellent way to promote your own products and those of others for whom you are an affiliate.
Write only 3 brief sentences. All the three should be strongly positive.
1.The first sentence should encourage the student for the progress made in the field where he/she was lacking till the previous report.
2. The second will focus on the immediate problem- remember, it should be just one - handwriting, math, punctuality or any one thing in particular, hinted in a mild way.
3. The last sentence will boost the student's self-confidence & therefore will suggest his/her possible strong points that would help to get over the problem, again put in a sugar-coated manner.
The student will be encouraged to make a self-assessment & will feel good about him/her self. The classmates & parents wouldnot have anything against him/her either.
And you will be respected and loved!
Title page list the title of your paper, the cover sheet is for the class information including the paper title, your name, the class, the date.
An introductory study of Christian apologetics reveals that the claims of Christianity were presented by the early apostles/messengers as verifiable, objective truth. Whereas most other world religions/cults avoid empirical and historical investigations, Christianity is grounded on real events having taken place (I Cor. 15:17). In fact, Dr. Steven Collins goes so far as to point out "Christianity might be the only belief system in the world that rests its validity on the reality of certain events." This is one of the primary reasons (along with the claim of the exclusivity of Christian truth - or even truth in general), that Christianity is such a regular target of derision. The premise that Christianity is "true" is based on the acceptance of "truth" according to the "correspondence" view - meaning that truth is that which corresponds to reality. This stands in opposition to concepts of truth being determined according to "that which is existentially relevant," or "that which works" (pragmatic view), or truth as that which "feels good." These latter views of truth can be shown to be not only self-defeating, but also virtually absent in our everyday lives, activities, and systems. Hence, individuals are often torn between their own professed worldviews and the everyday lives they live. Norman Geisler points out that if the pragmatic ("what works") view of truth were applied to our everyday culture, our whole judicial system would be thrown into disarray, since witnesses in court are not asked to "swear to tell ‘what works for you,' ‘the whole of what works for you,' and ‘nothing but what works for you'" (for a detailed discussion on this and a refutation of Immanuel Kant's agnosticism, see Norman Geisler's chapter in Why I Am a Christian entitled "Why I Believe Truth is Real and Knowable" pp. 30 – 45)
We saw in the previous article how there is actual empirical evidence (through what is called general revelation Romans 1:20, 2:14-15) which reveals there is some kind of "god" who "creates" (cosmological argument), "designs" (teleological argument), and who through this creation bears evidence of the existence of at least a general "morality" (moral argument) and meaning (religious need / joy). Though some people to whom we witness and inquire about evidences for the Christian faith will not require this sort of "systematic" approach, the "classical apologist" affirms the above premises and ideas in order to have a certain grounding for presenting evidences pertaining more specifically to Christianity. Geisler expresses the classical approach this way:
"The basic argument of the classical apologists is that it makes no sense to speak about the resurrection as an act of God unless, as a logical prerequisite, it is first established that there is a God who can act. Likewise, the Bible cannot be the Word of God unless there is a God who can speak. And Christ cannot be shown to be the Son of God except on the logically prior premise there is a God who can have a Son" (Geisler, ECA)
Thus, in the progression of "classical" Christian apologetics, we now move on sequentially to issues pertaining more particularly to Christianity. The question arises: Has this "god" who is evidenced by means of general revelation ever, in time-space history, been revealed to us inany kind of objective, verifiable manner?(not pertaining to merely "feelings" – or even mere personal, "mystical experiences" although these can be considered "some" evidence for a Christian view of God). The Christian answers "yes," meaning that this true God revealed himself through an actual, historically verifiable person known as"Jesus," who is "the Christ." "Testing" whether or not the Christian's answer is true can be done using the same accepted ways we test all historical truths. Along with considering extra-biblical evidences for the Jesus of history, what is often termed as "normal historical procedures" can be applied to the New Testament itself in order to present "evidence" that it is a valid source of historical information. This practice is known as historiography, or the "science of historical investigation." The reason for starting with the NT as a valid source of history is broken down by Dr. Winfried Corduan as follows:
1) The New Testament as history shows that…
2) it is reasonable to believe in the deity of Christ, who…
3) taught us to accept the Bible as the Word of Go
Consequently, based on what evidence do we consider the NT to be historically reliable?
Evidence and Other Ancient Writings
The N.T. time period is known as "ancient" history. Our common knowledge of ancient history is based on what is known as documentary or "written" evidence. Keep in mind that the secular world relies upon ancient writers for its knowledge of the past. Examples include: Herodotus, Suetonius, Tacitus, Julius Caesar, and Josephus. Many of these who recorded history were let alone not eyewitnesses, they were not even contemporaries of the people and events concerning which they reported. For example, Herodotus (480 – 425 BC) wrote about events that preceded him by hundreds of years – yet his version of events in history are generally accepted (or "believed") to be accurate. They're generally accepted because there isn't any good reason to doubt the basic integrity of the documents. One important question which should be applied is: Are the surviving manuscript copies that we have "original in force?" "Documentary" evidence helps draw conclusions for the answer to this question. This evidence involves, in the very least, the following subjects:
A. Primitive Manuscripts (Do early manuscripts of the documents exist?)
B. Quantity and Quality (Do they exist in sufficient quantity and quality so that the
readings of the original texts can be accurately reproduced?)
C. Internal Consistency (Does consistency exist within the contents of the text itself)
D. Time Proximity (How does the date of writing compare with the time of the events
themselves?)
Evidence Supporting the New Testament
Gary Habermas notes that "if the same criteria that are regularly applied to other ancient writings are also implemented by New Testament scholars, a solid historical basis emerges for the life and teachings of Jesus." Thus, let's explore an application of each of these criteria to the NT. The following is a breakdown of these historiography subjects and some notable facts pertaining to each when comparing the NT with other ancient documents:
A. Primitive Manuscripts and their (B) Quantity and Quality. One will notice that applying these rules to the N.T. lend it overwhelming support, especially in comparison to other ancient documents.
Other Ancient Works: Aristophanes (playwright – writing dates 450 – 385 BC) Number of primitive manuscript copies: 10; Aristotle (philosopher – writing dates 384 – 322 BC) Number of primitive manuscript copies: 5; Plato (philosopher – writing dates 427 – 347 BC) Number of primitive manuscript copies: 7; Suetonius (historian – writing dates AD 75 – 160) Number of primitive manuscript copies: 8; Tacitus (historian – writing dates AD 100)Number of primitive manuscript copies: 20; Sophocles (playwright – writing dates 496 – 406 BC)Number of primitive manuscript copies: 100; The most documented ancient secular work is Homer's Iliad, which survives in 643 primitive manuscript copies. Compare all of the above with the New Testament (Date of writing AD 45-70) with 5,686 primitive Greek manuscripts in existence.
The date of the earliest copy compared to the time of writing: For most –over 900 to 1,000 years or even longer. An example is Aristotle – with the date of writing being 384-322 BC – and the date of the earliest manuscript copy being AD(CE) 1100
Concerning the works of Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates (who lived in the fifth and fourth centuries BC [BCE] there are no existing manuscript copies which date prior to AD [CE] 1000).
Compare this to the NT: Date of writing AD 45 – 70; Fragments (AD 125) Many whole books (AD 200)
(* Keep in mind that the comparison which is being made is between what are typically accepted by secular scholars as secular documents of the same variety – meaning a text preserved on perishable material that was intended to be distributed on that material. Comparing these to the rare case of a bronze tablet affixed to the sides of a tomb, or inscriptions carved on temples is comparing apples to oranges *)
C. Internal Consistency: This is in reference tointernal tests dealing mainly with the consistency of the individual documents and their general harmony with other documents reporting the same events.
On the subject of Jesus' arrest, trial, death, and resurrection in…Matt. 26; Mark 14; Luke 22; John 13 -Matt. 28; Mark 16; Luke 24; John 20 concerning variances in details…the case is actually strengthened, where minor differences in the retelling of the same event are actually legal earmarks of authenticity.
According to Historian Paul Meir; "Many facts from antiquity rest on just one ancient source, while two or three sources in agreement generally render the fact unimpeachable"
D. Time Proximity
Meaning an examination of the time-proximity of the original writing compared to the events they report. In the midst of skepticism from radical critics about supposed late dates for the writing of the New Testament, because of newly-discovered New Testament manuscripts (whole and fragmentary – which are very early in date) it has become increasingly difficult for critics to hold to their previous assumptions. Take into consideration the following:
The dating of the Gospel of John: The John Rylands papyri fragment (P52) from Egypt (found in 1920) dated from 117 to 138, and possibly as early as AD 94. The fact that this writing was composed in either Palestine or Asia Minor, and yet the fragment was found in Egypt, bears evidence that the Gospel of John had already been copied numerous times and circulated. For this to have happened, it had to have been written early enough to allow for this fairly wide distribution. This at least pushes the date of John's original document back into the middle or latter part of the 1st century – which pushes back the date of the original documents of the other Gospels even earlier.
Dating the NT by way of the book of Acts: Numerous evidences point out that Acts had to have been written at least prior to AD (CE) 70. Roman historian Colin Hemer cites 15 reasonable evidences for Acts being written between AD (CE) 60 and 62, including these four:
1) There is no mention in Acts of the crucial event of the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70.
2) There is no hint of the outbreak of the Jewish War in AD 66 or of serious deterioration of relations between Romans and Jews before that time.
3) There is no hint of the deterioration of Christian relations with Rome during the Neronian persecution of the late AD 60's.
4) There is no hint of the death of James at the hands of the Sanhedrin in AD 62 which is recorded by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews (20.9.1.200).
The testimony of John A.T. Robinson – By the 1970's, John A.T. Robinson had built a reputation as being a "liberal" Bible scholar. He was known for his role in what was called the "Death of God" movement. In 1976, he stunned his colleagues with the revolutionary book Redating the New Testament in which he carefully examined the available evidence for the dating of each New Testament book. After extensive detailed research, he concluded that all of the books of the New Testament were written before AD 70 by the traditional authors. Robinson even ended up dating NT books earlier than the dates of his "conservative" peers. As Geisler states: "Robinson places Matthew at 40 to after 60, Mark at about 45 to 60, Luke at before 57 to after 60, and John at from before 40 to after 65. This would mean that one or two Gospels could have been written as early as seven years after the crucifixion. At the latest, they were all composed within the lifetimes of eyewitnesses and contemporaries of the events. Assuming the basic integrity and reasonable accuracy of the writers, this would place the reliability of the New Testament documents beyond reasonable doubt" (Geisler, ECA)
Paul's writings*: The early date of Paul's writings, and what can be known of Jesus from Paul's writings alone (Aside from the obvious facts of the Gospel and various teachings) Jesus was born a Jew(Gal. 3:16) from the family of David (Rom. 1:3) and lived under Jewish law (Gal. 4:4). Jesus had brothers (I Cor. 9:5), one of whom was James (I Cor. 15:7), as well as twelve disciples (I Cor. 15:7). Paul knew that at least some of Jesus' brothers and apostles had wives (I Cor. 9:5). In fact, Paul knew personally James, as well as apostles Peter and John (Gal. 1:18-2:16). Paul also presents many of the details concerning the last week of Jesus' life (I Cor. 11:23-25; Rom. 4:25; 5:8; 6:6; Gal. 2:20; I Thess. 2:14-15; I Cor. 15:3-8). Creeds and Hymns in Paul's epistles, as well as some others, present some of the earliest documentary evidences of what true Christianity entailed (examples: Rom. 1:3-4; I Cor. 11:23ff.; 15:3-8; Phil. 2:6-11; Col 1:15-18; I Tim. 3:16; 2 Tim. 2:8; also John 1:1-18; I Peter 2:18-22; I John 4:2). Dr. J.P. Moreland writes of three characteristic traits regarding these hymns: "First, they are pre-Pauline and very early. They use language which is not characteristically Pauline, they often easily translate back into Aramaic, and they show features of Hebrew poetry and thought-forms. This means that they came into existence while the church was heavily Jewish and that they became standard, recognized creeds and hymns well before their incorporation into Paul's letters. Most scholars date them from 33 to 48. Some, like Hengel, date many of them in the first decade after Jesus' death. Second, the content of these creeds and hymns centers on the death, resurrection, and deity of Christ. They consistently present a portrait of a miraculous and divine Jesus who rose from the dead. Third, they served as hymns of worship in the liturgy of the early assemblies and as didactic expressions for teaching the Christology of the church" (Moreland: Scaling the Secular City c.1987 pp. 148-149)
(*Note, I personally had the privilege of viewing a page of Papyrus 46 – one of the oldest known Greek manuscript copies of the letters of Paul – containing a section of the book of Romans. This was made available for viewing at the The Dea Sea Scrolls and the Bible exhibit at the Milwaukee Public Museum, Jan. 22, 2010 – June 6, 2010)
The church "fathers:" Concerning only the four Gospels, there are 19,368 citations from the church "fathers" dating from the late 1st century onward. Papias (as a companion of Polycarp, who was a disciple of the Apostle John) quoted John. From this fact the argument is made that the Gospels were in existence before the end of the first century. It's even been noted that there are enough quotations from the early church fathers that "even if we did not have a single copy of the Bible, scholars could still reconstruct all but 11 verses of the entire New Testament from material written within 150 to 200 years from the time of Christ" (Mc Dowell, "Evidence for the Historical accuracy of the New Testament," in The Intellectuals speak Out About God, 273-274, as reference by Dan Story, Defending Your Faith, 38)
Determination about the time for the development of myth:
Roman historian A.N. Sherwin-White, having done extensive studies on the amount of time required for "myth development" to take place defiantly rejects the mythological view of the New Testament (Geisler ECA)
C.S. Lewis (Oxford / Cambridge scholar of mythology) addressed the subject of "myth" and the Bible by saying: "Those who equate the New Testament with mythology have not studied enough myth"
Determination about time and the influence of myth:
Dr. Edwin Yamauchi (Professor of History and Archaeology at Miami University Oxford, Ohio) presents extensive research on the subject of similarities from "stories of Greek gods" and concludes the stories were not prior to but after the time of Christ. Hence, if there is any influence of one on the other, it is the influence of the historical event of the New Testament on the mythology, not the reverse" (ECA, 518) (For an excellent, comprehensive breakdown and responses to the "Christianity copying mythology" arguments, consider visiting the J.P Holding multi-essay examination available at the following site http://www.tektonics.org/copycat/copycathub.html)
The General Historical Reliability of the New Testament:
The NT "Gospel" of Luke** (read chapter 1 verses 1-4, along with noting that Luke was aphysician by profession); F.F. Bruce writes: "He (Luke) relates his story…to the wider context of history …courting trouble if not careful…he affords his readers so many opportunities for testing his accuracy." Sir William Ramsey (considered one of the greatest archaeologists of all time) stated "Luke is an historian of the first rank; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy; he is possessed of the true historic sense…he seizes the important and critical events and shows their true nature at greater length…in short, this author should be placed along with the very greatest of historians" (** Note: I personally had the opportunity to view a page of Papyrus 4, a very old Greek manuscript copy of the Gospel of Luke, which was made available for viewing at the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible Exhibit at the Milwaukee Public Museum from Jan. 22, 2010 – June 6, 2010)
Extra-biblical and archeological evidence: For many years (based on silence about events/people etc) extra-biblical and archeological evidence prompted many to question the truth of the Bible. Yet, the more people have critiqued, compared, etc. the more the scriptures come out shining (Examples: Gospel of John mentions the pool/pools of Bethesda concerning which there was no evidence until this last century; Details of governing and Roman judicial procedure – have been shown to have been accurate)
Sherwin-White (the renowned archeologist) on the book of Acts: "To reject its basic historicity even in matters of detail must now appear absurd"
William L. Craig (philosopher, apologist, and author) on the Gospels: "The Gospels show an intimate knowledge of Jerusalem before its destruction, indicating that they were written before the terrible event (in AD 70)" "The Gospels are full of references to proper names, dates, cultural details, historical events, and opinions/customs of the time." "The stories of Jesus' weaknesses and the faults of the disciples are earmarks for authenticity"
Julius Africanus (an ancient extrabiblical historian who wrote in about AD 221) quotes from a work that has been lost (by an eastern Mediterranean – Thallus). Thallus wrote in AD (CE) 52 about an event in previous years of darkness which he explains away as probably being an eclipse of the sun. Likewise Phlegan – a Greek author from Caria writing a chronology soon after AD 137 reported that (in the AD 30's) there was the "greatest eclipse of the sun" and that it became "night" in the sixth hour of the day (i.e. noon) so that the stars even appeared in the heavens.
Will Durant (historian from this century –and not a friend of Christianity) – from "The Story of Civilization" comments on the general reliability of the NT text: "If higher criticism was applied (in the same severity) to other works of antiquity, a hundred worthies (Hamurabi, Socrates etc.) would fade into legend…After two centuries of higher criticism the outlines of the life, character, and teachings of Christ remain reasonably clear, and constitute the most fascinating feature in the history of Western man"
John Warwick Montgomery (historian / law professor)"To be skeptical of the resultant text of the New Testament books is to allow all of classical antiquity to slip into obscurity, for no documents of the ancient period are as well attested bibliographically as the New Testament"
The NT being "biased" as an obstacle to reliable history: Since this is a common "obstacle" presented regarding the historical veracity of the NT, let's take into account the following issues and quotes regarding whether or not the authors of the New Testament had merely a biased agenda when writing:
The assumption of agendas producing inaccuracies: First, this contradicts the internal consistency test (*see above*). Also, Dr. Ben Witherington III makes a convincing case for Gospels being a particular type of genre, which includes history (Dr. Ben Witherington III, The Gospel Code) (For an excellent essay refuting the "biased" argument about the accuracy of the New Testament see Glenn Miller's study at http://www.christian-thinktank.com/nuhbias.html).
Also, this invites the question: What we can know about Jesus / Christianity outside of the Biblical attestation?
- Extra-Biblical "friends" of Christianity: Concerning only the four Gospels, there are 19,368 citations from the church "fathers" dating from the late first century onward.
- Extra-Biblical "enemies" of Christianity: Utilizing only extra-biblical authors (mostly antagonists of Christianity) such as Tacitus, Suetonius, Pliny the Younger, Josephus (etc), Dr. Edwin Yamauchi (Professor of History and Archaeology of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio) constructs the life of the person of Christ in the following manner:
"First, Jesus was a Jewish teacher; second, many people believed that he performed healings and exorcisms; third, some people believed he was the Messiah; fourth, he was rejected by the Jewish leaders; fifth, he was crucified under Pontius Pilate in the reign of Tiberius; sixth, despite this shameful death, his followers, who believed that he was still alive, spread beyond Palestine so that there were multitudes of them in Rome by AD 64; and seventh, all kinds of people from the cities and countryside-men and women, slave and free-worshiped him as God"
The Most Formidable Obstacle to Considering the NT as Historical: Naturalistic Dogmatism: This leads us to what is perhaps the most formidable obstacle for many in regarding the NT as being historically reliable – that being an Anti -supernatural bias (a priori). When the issue of anti-supernatural, a priori bias is raised, one question which must be asked is; whatever happened to theism? Is Antony Flew's "conversion" to deism - and a creator "god" - truly that far removed from a belief in a "god" who can act in history? (Interestingly, world-renowned God belief antagonist Richard Dawkins, author of the best-selling book The God Delusion recently conceded during a public debate at Oxford University – October 21st, 2008 - that a good case could be made for a deistic explanation of the universe. What many fail to understand, or at least admit, is that this simple "case could be made" acknowledgement is a radically abrupt worldview change – from a "closed system naturalism" to an "open system supernaturalism." If an infinite being created, ultimately, something out of nothing – is it so far-fetched to hold that this "being" would/could reveal itself by means of the miraculous? If the anti-supernatural bias is stripped away and the same criteria that are regularly applied to other events in ancient history are applied to the New Testament, historiography bears overwhelming evidence that God has revealed Himself through the historical figure known as Jesus the Christ. Still, Witherington explains the somewhat moot nature of this argument in light of our current post-modern culture where people "are not less prone, but in fact are more prone, to believe in miracles, magic and a host of other so-called non-rational things." In light of this, exposure of the double-standard bias in rejecting the New Testament as history can be seen: I.E; It is not history one won't accept (Plato – with comparatively weak historiography), it is Christian history that one won't accept (Christ – with extremely strong historiography). It is not "supernatural" events one refuses to accept, it is Christian supernatural events one refuses to accept.
Sources:
Steven Collins, Championing the Faith
William Lane Craig, from Collins op. cit.
Norman Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics
John AT Robinson, from Collins op. cit.
Dan Story, Defending Your Faith
FF Bruce, from Collins op cit
Sir William Ramsey, from Collins op cit.
Gary Habermas, "Why I Believe the New testament is Historically Reliable" from Geisler/Hoffman eds. "Why I Am A Christian"
JP Holding, "Texture Tantrum" online article at tektonics.org
Colin Hemer, from Habermas op cit, from Geisler/Hoffman eds. Op cit.
Will Durant,from Collins op cit
John Warwick Montgomery, from Collins op cit
J.P. Moreland, "Scaling the Secular City"
Winfried Corduan, "Why I Believe the Bible Alone is the Word of God" from Geisler/Hoffman eds.
"Why I Am a Christian"
Edwin Yamauchi, from Lee Strobel "The Case for Christ"
Ben Witherington III, The Gospel Code
Justin Brierley, The John Lennox – Richard Dawkins debate: http://www.bethinking.org/science-christianity/beginner/the-john-lennox-richard-dawkins-debate.htm
Pastor Eric Hann is the Lead Pastor of Cornerstone Community Church in Chariton, Iowa. He has a BA and Masters degree in Christian studies and is a member of the Evangelical Philosophical Society.
http://pastorericsunderground.wordpress.com/
http://www.cornerstonecommunitychurch.net/
i typed it in google but nothing helped how do i write a doctors report?
it's for grade 9 science and i am meant to write a doctors report half a page of a person who got asthma.
any structure or tips will be appreciated :)
when a patient with any disease come to a doctor there are four things that a doctor must write in his report
1.history
2.general physical examination
3.systemic examination
4.investigations[the test that have to be conducted e.x. blood test]
5.presumptive diagnosis
6.treatment
history in this case is not the one that you study in social studies.it involves the complete description of the complaint of the patient along with the chronological development of disease,personal habits,any previous illness,any familial disease etc.in case of asthma a patient generally complaint of breathlessness,cough during night and difficulty in respiration etc.
for further information search for MEDICAL HISTORY TAKING of asthma on googles
Ther is a lot of info out there about how to report delinquent accounts to credit bureaus, but not any on how to report positive activity. Anyone have any experience in reporting good activity to the bureaus?
You don't.
Only lenders that belong to the credit bureaus can report.
I have to write a Physics lab report about "Diffraction and Interference of Light" amd I have no clue about writing lab reports! I mean I cannot think of anything to wrote for he objective and background, conclusion and any other think that I might have to include in my report! Can anyone help me? PLEASE I am in deep sh*t!
Thanks.
First of all, give a title for your report as the one you suggested. then write the aim of doing that report, like if it's an experiment, say what is the importance of performing diffraction and interference of light. Then, give a brief description on diffraction of light and interference.(It's like an introduction)
Then, make a stepwise procedure of how you are going to proceed with the experiment. Any readings you are taking should be well presented in a table of results.(distances etc). Specify which formulae you are using.
Then display your results, any calculations, show method of working.
Forget not to put any important diagrams to give a good description.
Have a nice conclusion, in which you may discuss what happens to wavelength when it is decreased or increased.
Any improvements that could be made.
What are the safety measures and necessary precautions that were taken during the experiment.
English test scoring systems
The main English language tests used for university entrance all report their scores on a different scale. IELTS uses a scale of 0 – 9, TOEFL IBT (Internet based test) uses numbers from 40 to 120, PTE Academic is graded from 10 to 90 and the Cambridge tests (FCE, CAE, CPE) has A – E grades.
So how do you know what your score in one test equals in one of the other tests?
This is an interesting question and there are many academics, companies and language assessment specialists who try to map the scores onto each other to produce what is called an equivalence chart. They usually look something like this:
IELTS Cambridge TOEFL IBT PTE Academic
7.5 - 9.0 CPE 96 - 120 73 - 90
6.5 - 7.0 CAE 79 - 95 59 - 72
5.5 - 6.0 FCE 65 - 78 42 - 58
So, how do they do it?
English language testing experts look at the content of each test and what a typical student can do at each level of each test and decide broadly what a grade or score in one test means in another. This may be different according to the content of the test for example if one test has more speaking or writing or based on statistics of previous students who took a particular test. Equivalence charts are often reviewed by universities every few years based on the performance of previous students on university courses who were admitted with a certain test or test score.
Why is there not one standard equivalence chart?
This is mainly because the tests are not measuring the exactly the same skills in exactly the
same way so an exact comparison is impossible to make. The various equivalence charts can differ greatly depending on who did the comparison. Remember that the grading systems are different and the way of marking is different too. Some tests use computer marking only while others use human markers only or a combination of both.
What does this mean for students trying to enter university in an English speaking country?
Firstly it means doing some research – often the university equivalence chart is a public
document so you can see what scores are being asked for each test. This way you can see if your test score meets the requirements or use the equivalence chart to help you decide which test to take. You may notice that universities have different equivalence charts which could affect the test you choose to do for specific universities or as a result of looking at equivalence charts you might change your mind about which universities to apply to.
Fiona Aish works for Target English, a teaching company specialising in preparing and supporting university students in the UK. Target English is based in London and have a team of highly-qualified English teachers with over 10 years' experience teaching academic English and examination skills. Target English is run and owned by Fiona Aish and Jo Tomlinson.
Fiona has worked in English language teaching in Japan, Peru and the UK mainly teaching exam classes (FCE, CAE, TOEFL, IELTS) and academic skills for university. Fiona has worked at the University of the Arts London and the University of Greenwich.
1. Don't write a report, make it personal - The narrative is a story, not a report. Many of my college educated clients assume that the more facts and quotes you add, the better the narrative. This is not true. The narrative is a personal story of incidents of discrimination and harassment that have kept you from reaching your potential. Keep your narrative in the first person, recounting events in your personal and professional life.
Remember that the social disadvantage narrative is based upon negative experiences, I call this the "lemon story" versus the "lemonade story", so there is no need to add good news to make it appear you have "overcome obstacles".
2. Keep the quotes short - While it is good to include quotes to reinforce and enhance your narrative, keep them short, no more than a couple sentences. Be sure to give basic reference information,but you do not have to prepare a bibliography, again it is your story, not a report. Do not include more than seven quotes in the total narrative. Normally my client narratives range from six to ten pages in length. The quotes should be reinforcing specific issues, for example: If you graduated from a high school with a very high dropout rate or if your community has a very high crime rate.
3. Be specific and detailed about incidents - When you are describing incidents from your personal or professional life, be as specific as possible. Be sure to include:
-the month/year of the incident
-the name of your supervisor
-any witnesses to the event
-a summary of the event
-and most important the economic or financial fallout from the event. This is especially important if you do not have court documents to support your claims. Here is an example:
In 1999, I met with John Smith of Acme ABC Prime Contractors in Houston, Texas to talk about partnering on the upcoming NASA contract. While he was intially interested in speaking with me on the phone, I noticed that in our face-to-face meeting he avoided making any promises to partner with my company. And he kept speaking directly to my assistant, John Jones even though John reminded him that I was the owner of the company. It was apparent Mr. Smith would rather work directly with a male salesperson than a woman. Not getting this partnership cost my company approximately $100K per month for five years. See attached: A notarized statement from John Jones on his description of this failed sales meeting.
Karen Miller is The 8a Mentor, helping small business owners successfully prepare their SBA 8a social /economic disadvantage narratives. Get a free Special Report and save thousands of dollars in SBA 8a preparation at: www.The8aMentor.com
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i have end of year english exam.
i need to practice on writing diary entry, writing a formal, informal letter, writing a report, writing a transcript, and writing a summary. Where online does it tell you how to do these well? so i can get a good mark in the exam?
Thanks.
by the way i'm in year 10
I find english language exams hard
& I have the real GCSE next week : (
But I think the most useful things to do are:
- Firstly identify the main structure of each type of writing
i.e. formal letter --> addresses, sincerely/faithfully
You can find this sort of thing on loads of websites, but also have a look at the real things like magazine and newspaper articles
- Practice, because you will get more marks if the person marking it enjoys reading your work, and they will enjoy reading your work if you have your own individual style and you develop your own individual style from writing lots.
You can download past papers from the website of the examining board i.e. AQA and although these won't appear in your real exam , it's good practise
(also some schools use past exam questions for mock exams and end of year exams, so if you're lucky you might get a question you've already practised)
Websites that might be useful:
bbc bitesize
s-cool
englishbiz
I hope this helps you x
Been in the home for only 6 months. Builder/ Financer has broken contract and not completed all work stated by time stated. Will not answer mail, phone calls or emails, but cashes mortgage every month. He does not report to our credit and we dont want to hurt our credit, but need to find a way out.
You will not get out of a contract because of your job.
However, if you can prove the other party has breached the contract a judge may release you. you would need to file a breach of contract lawsuit.
Does anyone know a proper format to create a good lab report/write-up? A format such as how to write the introduction, methods and materials, discussion, results, and etc?
Most teachers like to give out instructions on how they like they're reports written because some teachers like them a certain way, but there is a basic structure that most teachers are fine with.
Here's a page that gets a little in depth with it and you know it's reliable because it's an edu site :)
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/faculty/mowshowitz/howto_guide/lab_report.html
I need to write a one page report, not sure how to begin, l work in office. I am studying self learning and you dont get much help.
a. Collect , analyse and communicate information and ideas?
b.Develop trust and confidence
c.Develop and maintain networks and relationships
d,Manage difficulties into postive outcomes
Category
have you tried www.doyourassignment.com? very helpful! :)
