technical writing tutorial_2"technical writing tutorial" Survery: Adobe Photoshop CS3. Yes or No questions. Really need the answers!!!?
Please, only people who use Photoshop CS3 for editing photos and web design!!! Just write yes or no for each question. I am doing the research. Thank you very much!!!!
1.Do you use a lot of professional tools that Photoshop CS3 provides?YesNo
2.Does using Adobe Photoshop CS3 make web design process more efficient for you?YesNo
3.Have you ever used the technical support of Adobe Photoshop?YesNo
4.If yes, was it helpful?YesNo
5.Would you upgrade to the latest version of Adobe Photoshop - CS3 extended?YesNo
6.Have you used provided Adobe Photoshop CS3 tutorials?YesNo
1. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. N/A 5. No (I'll just wait until CS4) 6. No (I've used help files and how-to podcasts, but not the provided tutorials)
The first speech recognizer appeared in 1952 and consisted of a device for the recognition of single spoken digits Another early device was the IBM Shoebox, exhibited at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
One of the most notable domains for the commercial application of speech recognition in the United States has been health care and in particular the work of the medical transcriptionist (MT)[citation needed]. According to industry experts, at its inception, speech recognition (SR) was sold as a way to completely eliminate transcription rather than make the transcription process more efficient, hence it was not accepted. It was also the case that SR at that time was often technically deficient. Additionally, to be used effectively, it required changes to the ways physicians worked and documented clinical encounters, which many if not all were reluctant to do. The biggest limitation to speech recognition automating transcription, however, is seen as the software. The nature of narrative dictation is highly interpretive and often requires judgment that may be provided by a real human but not yet by an automated system. Another limitation has been the extensive amount of time required by the user and/or system provider to train the software.
A distinction in ASR is often made between "artificial syntax systems" which are usually domain-specific and "natural language processing" which is usually language-specific. Each of these types of application presents its own particular goals and challenges.
Applications
Health care
In the health care domain, even in the wake of improving speech recognition technologies, medical transcriptionists (MTs) have not yet become obsolete. Many experts in the field[who?] anticipate that with increased use of speech recognition technology, the services provided may be redistributed rather than replaced. Speech recognition is used to enable deaf people to understand the spoken word via speech to text conversion, which is very helpful.
Speech recognition can be implemented in front-end or back-end of the medical documentation process.
Front-End SR is where the provider dictates into a speech-recognition engine, the recognized words are displayed right after they are spoken, and the dictator is responsible for editing and signing off on the document. It never goes through an MT/editor.
Back-End SR or Deferred SR is where the provider dictates into a digital dictation system, and the voice is routed through a speech-recognition machine and the recognized draft document is routed along with the original voice file to the MT/editor, who edits the draft and finalizes the report. Deferred SR is being widely used in the industry currently.
Many Electronic Medical Records (EMR) applications can be more effective and may be performed more easily when deployed in conjunction with a speech-recognition engine. Searches, queries, and form filling may all be faster to perform by voice than by using a keyboard.
Military
High-performance fighter aircraft
Substantial efforts have been devoted in the last decade to the test and evaluation of speech recognition in fighter aircraft. Of particular note are the U.S. program in speech recognition for the Advanced Fighter Technology Integration (AFTI)/F-16 aircraft (F-16 VISTA), the program in France on installing speech recognition systems on Mirage aircraft, and programs in the UK dealing with a variety of aircraft platforms. In these programs, speech recognizers have been operated successfully in fighter aircraft with applications including: setting radio frequencies, commanding an autopilot system, setting steer-point coordinates and weapons release parameters, and controlling flight displays. Generally, only very limited, constrained vocabularies have been used successfully, and a major effort has been devoted to integration of the speech recognizer with the avionics system.
Some important conclusions from the work were as follows:
Speech recognition has definite potential for reducing pilot workload, but this potential was not realized consistently.
Achievement of very high recognition accuracy (95% or more) was the most critical factor for making the speech recognition system useful with lower recognition rates, pilots would not use the system.
More natural vocabulary and grammar, and shorter training times would be useful, but only if very high recognition rates could be maintained.
Laboratory research in robust speech recognition for military environments has produced promising results which, if extendable to the cockpit, should improve the utility of speech recognition in high-performance aircraft.
Working with Swedish pilots flying in the JAS-39 Gripen cockpit, Englund (2004) found recognition deteriorated with increasing G-loads. It was also concluded that adaptation greatly improved the results in all cases and introducing models for breathing was shown to improve recognition scores significantly. Contrary to what might be expected, no effects of the broken English of the speakers were found. It was evident that spontaneous speech caused problems for the recognizer, as could be expected. A restricted vocabulary, and above all, a proper syntax, could thus be expected to improve recognition accuracy substantially.
The Eurofighter Typhoon currently in service with the UK RAF employs a speaker-dependent system, i.e. it requires each pilot to create a template. The system is not used for any safety critical or weapon critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage, but is used for a wide range of other cockpit functions. Voice commands are confirmed by visual and/or aural feedback. The system is seen as a major design feature in the reduction of pilot workload, and even allows the pilot to assign targets to himself with two simple voice commands or to any of his wingmen with only five commands.
Helicopters
The problems of achieving high recognition accuracy under stress and noise pertain strongly to the helicopter environment as well as to the fighter environment. The acoustic noise problem is actually more severe in the helicopter environment, not only because of the high noise levels but also because the helicopter pilot generally does not wear a facemask, which would reduce acoustic noise in the microphone. Substantial test and evaluation programs have been carried out in the past decade in speech recognition systems applications in helicopters, notably by the U.S. Army Avionics Research and Development Activity (AVRADA) and by the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE) in the UK. Work in France has included speech recognition in the Puma helicopter. There has also been much useful work in Canada. Results have been encouraging, and voice applications have included: control of communication radios; setting of navigation systems; and control of an automated target handover system.
As in fighter applications, the overriding issue for voice in helicopters is the impact on pilot effectiveness. Encouraging results are reported for the AVRADA tests, although these represent only a feasibility demonstration in a test environment. Much remains to be done both in speech recognition and in overall speech recognition technology, in order to consistently achieve performance improvements in operational settings.
Battle management
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Battle Management command centres generally require rapid access to and control of large, rapidly changing information databases. Commanders and system operators need to query these databases as conveniently as possible, in an eyes-busy environment where much of the information is presented in a display format. Human-machine interaction by voice has the potential to be very useful in these environments. A number of efforts have been undertaken to interface commercially available isolated-word recognizers into battle management environments. In one feasibility study speech recognition equipment was tested in conjunction with an integrated information display for naval battle management applications. Users were very optimistic about the potential of the system, although capabilities were limited.
Speech understanding programs sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the U.S. has focused on this problem of natural speech interface. Speech recognition efforts have focused on a database of continuous speech recognition (CSR), large-vocabulary speech which is designed to be representative of the naval resource management task. Significant advances in the state-of-the-art in CSR have been achieved, and current efforts are focused on integrating speech recognition and natural language processing to allow spoken language interaction with a naval resource management system.
Training air traffic controllers
Training for military (or civilian) air traffic controllers (ATC) represents an excellent application for speech recognition systems. Many ATC training systems currently require a person to act as a "pseudo-pilot", engaging in a voice dialog with the trainee controller, which simulates the dialog which the controller would have to conduct with pilots in a real ATC situation. Speech recognition and synthesis techniques offer the potential to eliminate the need for a person to act as pseudo-pilot, thus reducing training and support personnel. Air controller tasks are also characterized by highly structured speech as the primary output of the controller, hence reducing the difficulty of the speech recognition task.
The U.S. Naval Training Equipment Center has sponsored a number of developments of prototype ATC trainers using speech recognition. Generally, the recognition accuracy falls short of providing graceful interaction between the trainee and the system. However, the prototype training systems have demonstrated a significant potential for voice interaction in these systems, and in other training applications. The U.S. Navy has sponsored a large-scale effort in ATC training systems, where a commercial speech recognition unit was integrated with a complex training system including displays and scenario creation. Although the recognizer was constrained in vocabulary, one of the goals of the training programs was to teach the controllers to speak in a constrained language, using specific vocabulary specifically designed for the ATC task. Research in France has focused on the application of speech recognition in ATC training systems, directed at issues both in speech recognition and in application of task-domain grammar constraints.
The USAF, USMC, US Army, and FAA are currently using ATC simulators with speech recognition from a number of different vendors, including UFA, Inc, and Adacel Systems Inc (ASI). This software uses speech recognition and synthetic speech to enable the trainee to control aircraft and ground vehicles in the simulation without the need for pseudo pilots.
Another approach to ATC simulation with speech recognition has been created by Supremis. The Supremis system is not constrained by rigid grammars imposed by the underlying limitations of other recognition strategies.
Telephony and other domains
ASR in the field of telephony is now commonplace and in the field of computer gaming and simulation is becoming more widespread. Despite the high level of integration with word processing in general personal computing, however, ASR in the field of document production has not seen the expected[by whom?] increases in use.
The improvement of mobile processor speeds made feasible the speech-enabled Symbian and Windows Mobile Smartphones. Speech is used mostly as a part of User Interface, for creating pre-defined or custom speech commands. Leading software vendors in this field are: Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft Voice Command), Nuance Communications (Nuance Voice Control), Vito Technology (VITO Voice2Go), Speereo Software (Speereo Voice Translator) and SVOX.
People with disabilities
People with disabilities can benefit from speech recognition programs. Speech recognition is especially useful for people who have difficulty using their hands, ranging from mild repetitive stress injuries to involved disabilities that preclude using conventional computer input devices. In fact, people who used the keyboard a lot and developed RSI became an urgent early market for speech recognition. Speech recognition is used in deaf telephony, such as voicemail to text, relay services, and captioned telephone. Individuals with learning disabilities who have problems with thought-to-paper communication (essentially they think of an idea but it is processed incorrectly causing it to end up differently on paper) can benefit from the software[citation needed].
This section requires expansion.
Further applications
Automatic translation;
Automotive speech recognition (e.g., Ford Sync);
Telematics (e.g. vehicle Navigation Systems);
Court reporting (Realtime Voice Writing);
Hands-free computing: voice command recognition computer user interface;
Home automation;
Interactive voice response;
Mobile telephony, including mobile email;
Multimodal interaction;
Pronunciation evaluation in computer-aided language learning applications;
Robotics;
Video games, with Tom Clancy's EndWar and Lifeline as working examples;
Transcription (digital speech-to-text);
Speech-to-text (transcription of speech into mobile text messages);
Air Traffic Control Speech Recognition.
Performance of speech recognition systems
The performance of speech recognition systems is usually specified in terms of accuracy and speed. Accuracy may be measured in terms of performance accuracy which is usually rated with word error rate (WER), whereas speed is measured with the real time factor. Other measures of accuracy include Single Word Error Rate (SWER) and Command Success Rate (CSR).
Most speech recognition users would tend to agree that dictation machines can achieve very high performance in controlled conditions. There is some confusion, however, over the interchangeability of the terms "speech recognition" and "dictation".
Commercially available speaker-dependent dictation systems usually require only a short period of training (sometimes also called `enrollment') and may successfully capture continuous speech with a large vocabulary at normal pace with a very high accuracy. Most commercial companies claim that recognition software can achieve between 98% to 99% accuracy if operated under optimal conditions. `Optimal conditions' usually assume that users:
have speech characteristics which match the training data,
can achieve proper speaker adaptation, and
work in a clean noise environment (e.g. quiet office or laboratory space).
This explains why some users, especially those whose speech is heavily accented, might achieve recognition rates much lower than expected. Speech recognition in video has become a popular search technology used by several video search companies.
Limited vocabulary systems, requiring no training, can recognize a small number of words (for instance, the ten digits) as spoken by most speakers. Such systems are popular for routing incoming phone calls to their destinations in large organizations.
Both acoustic modeling and language modeling are important parts of modern statistically-based speech recognition algorithms. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are widely used in many systems. Language modeling has many other applications such as smart keyboard and document classification.
Hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech recognition
Main article: Hidden Markov model
Modern general-purpose speech recognition systems are generally based on Hidden Markov Models. These are statistical models which output a sequence of symbols or quantities. One possible reason why HMMs are used in speech recognition is that a speech signal could be viewed as a piecewise stationary signal or a short-time stationary signal. That is, one could assume in a short-time in the range of 10 milliseconds, speech could be approximated as a stationary process. Speech could thus be thought of as a Markov model for many stochastic processes.
Another reason why HMMs are popular is because they can be trained automatically and are simple and computationally feasible to use. In speech recognition, the hidden Markov model would output a sequence of n-dimensional real-valued vectors (with n being a small integer, such as 10), outputting one of these every 10 milliseconds. The vectors would consist of cepstral coefficients, which are obtained by taking a Fourier transform of a short time window of speech and decorrelating the spectrum using a cosine transform, then taking the first (most significant) coefficients. The hidden Markov model will tend to have in each state a statistical distribution that is a mixture of diagonal covariance Gaussians which will give a likelihood for each observed vector. Each word, or (for more general speech recognition systems), each phoneme, will have a different output distribution; a hidden Markov model for a sequence of words or phonemes is made by concatenating the individual trained hidden Markov models for the separate words and phonemes.
Described above are the core elements of the most common, HMM-based approach to speech recognition. Modern speech recognition systems use various combinations of a number of standard techniques in order to improve results over the basic approach described above. A typical large-vocabulary system would need context dependency for the phonemes (so phonemes with different left and right context have different realizations as HMM states); it would use cepstral normalization to normalize for different speaker and recording conditions; for further speaker normalization it might use vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) for male-female normalization and maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) for more general speaker adaptation. The features would have so-called delta and delta-delta coefficients to capture speech dynamics and in addition might use heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis (HLDA); or might skip the delta and delta-delta coefficients and use splicing and an LDA-based projection followed perhaps by heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis or a global semitied covariance transform (also known as maximum likelihood linear transform, or MLLT). Many systems use so-called discriminative training techniques which dispense with a purely statistical approach to HMM parameter estimation and instead optimize some classification-related measure of the training data. Examples are maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum classification error (MCE) and minimum phone error (MPE).
Decoding of the speech (the term for what happens when the system is presented with a new utterance and must compute the most likely source sentence) would probably use the Viterbi algorithm to find the best path, and here there is a choice between dynamically creating a combination hidden Markov model which includes both the acoustic and language model information, or combining it statically beforehand (the finite state transducer, or FST, approach).
Dynamic time warping (DTW)-based speech recognition
Main article: Dynamic time warping
Dynamic time warping is an approach that was historically used for speech recognition but has now largely been displaced by the more successful HMM-based approach. Dynamic time warping is an algorithm for measuring similarity between two sequences which may vary in time or speed. For instance, similarities in walking patterns would be detected, even if in one video the person was walking slowly and if in another they were walking more quickly, or even if there were accelerations and decelerations during the course of one observation. DTW has been applied to video, audio, and graphics indeed, any data which can be turned into a linear representation can be analyzed with DTW.
A well known application has been automatic speech recognition, to cope with different speaking speeds. In general, it is a method that allows a computer to find an optimal match between two given sequences (e.g. time series) with certain restrictions, i.e. the sequences are "warped" non-linearly to match each other. This sequence alignment method is often used in the context of hidden Markov models.
Further information
Popular speech recognition conferences held each year or two include ICASSP, Eurospeech/ICSLP (now named Interspeech) and the IEEE ASRU. Conferences in the field of Natural language processing, such as ACL, NAACL, EMNLP, and HLT, are beginning to include papers on speech processing. Important journals include the IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing (now named IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing), Computer Speech and Language, and Speech Communication. Books like "Fundamentals of Speech Recognition" by Lawrence Rabiner can be useful to acquire basic knowledge but may not be fully up to date (1993). Another good source can be "Statistical Methods for Speech Recognition" by Frederick Jelinek and "Spoken Language Processing (2001)" by Xuedong Huang etc. More up to date is "Computer Speech", by Manfred R. Schroeder, second edition published in 2004. The recently updated textbook of "Speech and Language Processing (2008)" by Jurafsky and Martin presents the basics and the state of the art for ASR. A good insight into the techniques used in the best modern systems can be gained by paying attention to government sponsored evaluations such as those organised by DARPA (the largest speech recognition-related project ongoing as of 2007 is the GALE project, which involves both speech recognition and translation components).
In terms of freely available resources, Carnegie Mellon University's SPHINX toolkit is one place to start to both learn about speech recognition and to start experimenting. Another resource (free as in free beer, not free software) is the HTK book (and the accompanying HTK toolkit). The AT&T libraries GRM library, and DCD library are also general software libraries for large-vocabulary speech recognition.
A useful review of the area of robustness in ASR is provided by Junqua and Haton (1995).
See also
Audio mining
Audio visual speech recognition
Acoustic Model
Digital dictation
Direct Voice Input
Keyword spotting
List of speech recognition software
Microphone
Mondegreen
Multimodal interaction
OpenDocument
Phonetic search technology
Speech Analytics
Speaker identification
Speaker diarisation
Speech corpus
Speech processing
Speech recognition in Linux
Speech synthesis
Speech verification
Text-to-speech (TTS)
VoiceXML
Voxforge
Windows Speech Recognition
Speech technology
References
Karat, Clare-Marie; Vergo, John; Nahamoo, David (2007), "Conversational Interface Technologies", in Sears, Andrew; Jacko, Julie A., The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies, and Emerging Applications (Human Factors and Ergonomics), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, ISBN 978-0805858709 .
managing editors Giovanni Battista Varile, Antonio Zampolli. (1997), Cole, Ronald; Mariani, Joseph; Uszkoreit, Hans et al., eds., Survey of the state of the art in human language technology, Cambridge Studies In Natural Language Processing, XIIIII, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-59277-1 .
Junqua, J.-C.; Haton, J.-P. (1995), Robustness in Automatic Speech Recognition: Fundamentals and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-0792396468 .
^ Davies , K.H., Biddulph, R. and Balashek, S. (1952) Automatic Speech Recognition of Spoken Digits, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24(6) pp.637 - 642
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Categories: Automatic identification and data capture | Computational linguistics | Speech recognitionHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008 | All articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2008 | Articles needing additional references from July 2009 | All articles needing additional references | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2010 | Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009 | Articles to be expanded from June 2008 | All articles to be expanded | Articles lacking in-text citations from July 2009 | All articles lacking in-text citations About the Author
I am an expert from China Manufacturers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as caller id globe , novelty telephone.
Assessment Training Part One
handbook of technical writing pdf handbook of technical writing pdf
I have to write a technical document for school. (Go to bottom for example of a technical document) Does anyone have any ideas on what to write it about? Thanks so much! ♥
Here's an example of a technical document: How to prepare cereal: 1. Choose cereal 2. Get bowl 3. Pour cereal in bowl 4. Get milk 5. Pour milk into bowl 6. Get spoon 7. Put spoon in cereal 8. Put cereal box away 9. Put milk away 10. Enjoy cereal
OMG! I remember wrighting this! Its so wierd I really do! anyway I wrote mine on packing a lunch, it was pretty easy but apparently according to Jennifer I did it all wrong! But according to dad I did it right!! sooo yeah... whens it due? next time you come over I will show you mine! I still have it on my computer! I will show you :)
introduction to report writing"introduction to report writing" what is a good introduction and conclusion for a report on raising cattle?
i need help with writing my report to graduate please someone help me asap! im usually really good at writing reports but this one depends on whether i can graduate high school i need a whole like at least 7 sentences i need a good thesis statement for an outline
Raising Cattle is important because we can make leather coats and seats and eat steak,
in conclusion, if we didn't raise cattle we would have to settle for Goat Meat which sucks
Writing the Introduction of a Research Report - by Sam
introduction to report writing introduction to report writing introduction to report writing
technical writing tutorials"technical writing tutorials" I am passionate about a career as a Technical Writing Expert in s/w MNCs. How do I start? What r the prospects
I did my PG in Computer Science but ever since worked as a senior faculty in the English Dept. of a leading Coaching Inst. offering quality tutorial services for competitive exams. Subsequently, I developed a strong passion for building a career in Technical Writing in Corporate MNCs (both s/w and HR) and I strongly believe that I possess the linguistic sine qua non which can place me at an entry level in the field. But I am keen on knowing how I can make a lucrative career for myself out of Technical writing and also the essential requirements for a long, productive working stint in this profession. I am basically looking for placement opportunities in the US. Kindly provide info along with useful job websites w.r.t. the above and a brief explanation of the Industry prospects of this profession. Thanq!
Need to have a lot of education in business and English. The prospects are great. A high demand in the next 10 years and this is a good field.
Evernote Tutorial: User Documentation in Multimedia (ENGL 421)
technical documentation_2"technical documentation" Is this objective statement too convoluted?
"To gain employment in the development of commercial software or in the technical documentation thereof or otherwise" That is to say, I am seeking employment writing commercial software, documenting commercial software, or doing technical writing not related to software.
how to write technical articles"how to write technical articles" How lovely is AK-47What would you like to ask?
I am writing an article about how certain thigns are famous for just being itself. It includees AK-$&. Could anyone gibve a link to any site that gives information about what's so unique about AK 47. I dont want too much technical details like the caliber n stuff. Like if it has some components that only one country makes, its something special about it...stuffs like that. where can i find.
AK is not so special. But it has a distinctive sound. Totally unmistakable. They will shoot when they are coated in mud unlike the M-16 but they are inaccurate.. And they will fire 7.62 NATO rounds, but Nato weapons will not fire AK rounds which is special. The Chech AKs are the best.
Writing Lessons : How to Write a Proper Press Release
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Working at home as a writer is one of the largest work at home categories. Being a freelance writer has traditionally been a work at home job, and now that working at home is becoming more popular, there have been more writers in the industry. If you like to write and have a good grasp of the English language, you will never be at a loss for the work at home writing jobs.
Starting your career as a work at home writer is as easy as doing some Internet research and applying for a job. There are many ways to break into the writing field, even if you have no previous experience. Online opportunities abound, and there are still many writers who stay exclusively in the print market.
While many writers dream of one day writing the great American novel, most writers are realistic in knowing that they are going to have to do some other types of writing to get paid on a consistent basis. Writing for pay is mostly, if not exclusively, done in the non-fiction genre. While occasionally you will find contests for fiction writing or for poetry, these opportunities are few and far between when compared to the non-fiction opportunities.
Writing from home as a Wahm requires that you have a reliable Internet connection, good written communication skills and the ability to be a self-starter. As a writer, you will be in charge of your time and your projects. There will always be deadlines to meet and new writing opportunities to try. You will be responsible for balancing your writing with the rest of your life. You must also have the ability to research a wide variety of topics. As you accept assignments, you'll be challenged to learn about and write about topics that you may have little experience in.
Freelance writing from home can break down into three specific areas: writing for print, writing for the web and blogging. Although blogging is technically writing for the web, there are many distinctions that make it different from other web writing opportunities.
Writing for print is what people generally think of when they hear the term "freelance writer." Wahm writers who write for the print markets need to first build a reputation as reliable and eloquent writer. If you've never written for the print markets before, start with smaller, local publications and then work from there. You'll need to find a list of publications that are accepting "queries." Queries are a combination of a letter of introduction and a pitch for a story idea. Most writers rely on the Writer's Market reference guide for lists of publications. The Writer's Market has comprehensive information on a variety of newsletters, magazines and other publications that are taking queries. Start with topics that you know the most about and try writing a few queries to get yourself going in the print market.
The only drawback to writing for print is that the period between when you write and when you get paid can be months long. For many Wahms, this is just not feasible. Writing for the web, however, can meet their income needs and still allow them to write from home. There are many categories of writing for the web. You can be a ghostwriter for e-books or other Internet media. Many people need copywriters to provide content for their sales letters and websites. You can also offer your services to webmasters who need fresh content for their blog or newsletter. The opportunities are endless.
Blogging is yet another way to make money as a writing wahm. Blogs are an ever-growing form of Internet media. Blog writers generally provide their own content. You can make money as a wahm by starting your own blog and posting to it daily. If you love to write, you can start several blogs at once and multiply your earnings. Once you become an experienced blogger, you can apply for blogging jobs and post for other people.
About the Author
Go to the Kidney Disease Symptoms website for information on signs of kidney disease. Visit the Horse Facts website for info on facts about horses. Want to learn everything on food for hummingbirds? Visit the Hummingbird Food website.
how to write technical manuals_2"how to write technical manuals" Training Company?
I work for a custom training company that proves technical training, soft skills training (instructor-led and elearning), technical writing, custom training manuals and graphic design. I'm struggling with how to market our services and get clients. We spend lots of money on new marketing approaches and very few people sign up to take our classes. Please help. How can I get at least 10 people to register for a class. I've tried gorilla marketing - trade shows, email blasts, cold calling and I've just started to hand out flyers. Any other ideas?
have you tried speaking at high schools? seniors that are ready to graduate or juniors that may be looking at other options.
have you been to career fairs?? check out some human resources organizations in your area SHRM is one of them that helped me when i used to recuit for UPS.
also, check in with local convention centers for any job fairs.
have you tried the internet?? if someone searches for certain words, does your website come up??
take care.
Technical Writers - Career Profile
how to write technical manuals how to write technical manuals
guide to technical writing"guide to technical writing" What can i do after i finish collage in july?
I am at brighton institute of music and study a diploma in songwriting. i am not very good on the technical side of things like recording but i can write songs and guide people etc etc. I will be 19.
however next year i want to do something in the music industry but i dont know where to start or how to go about it, like an internship, or a job, like what kind of job.
a bit lost
thanks
It must be a very big "collage" if it's going to take you until July to finish it.
And the letter "I", when used as a pronoun, is a capital letter.
And a capital letter is used at the beginning of a sentence.
And you're taking a degree?
Sometimes I despair of the standard of education these days...........
Creating a Style Guide For Your Documents
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how to do technical writing"how to do technical writing" Freelance Writing?
I have a degree in BA in Professional Writing and Editing. I mainly concentrated in Technical Writing so I don't have a "portfolio" of writing samples. I am getting mt BSAS in Civil Engineering this May and would like to poossibly do some freelance writing, but I am not sure where to start or what to look for. Any advice on how to get into this sort of profession on the side would be really helpful.
Contact magazines that publish on topics you're interested in and with which you're familiar. Ask their editorial staff for submission guidelines and examples of what they are generally interested in publishing. They will send you a sample edition and all the info you require.
Introduction to Technical Writing
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how to technical writing"how to technical writing" What are the prospects for a would-be technical writer?
I am a sophomore in college, and am considering majoring in Communications Studies. As this is what many established technical writers have as their background, I think this is a good choice to support a possible decision for technical writing to be my career. However, what companies employ in this area? I live in a fairly small town. Is telecommuting a possibility? Also, how does one enter the field fresh out of college? Thanks in advance.
Ok - I may not be your favorite answerer, but my honest opinion: A communications background is helpful to have, but my own advice would be to do an academic degree with a minor in Communications. Communications programs provide you with vocational training but that can be limiting, especially since technology changes. And you won't get the quality of education that a good humanities program will give you. I did an English Lit degree, no Comms whatsoever, and I've worked in Comms for years. I presently work as a tech writer for a multi-national technology firm. (If you like science, you could do one of those majors too. If you want to write for the pharma companies, it's essential.)
Back to why I think an academic route is best: the people who went to school at the same time I did who got Comms degrees did not learn a thing about the methods (programs, media) most communications experts are using today. But Shakespeare is forever! :) Enjoy school and get good grades. You'll learn much of what you need to know about the media and methods from the work itself.
On finding work and telecommuting - yes, you can. There are lots of opportunities for working remotely. The issue - frequently - is getting your career started. Start early, as a communications assistant and beg for assignments. You may need to take a job in a nearby city for awhile until you can build your skills and portfolio. Be open to freelance and get clips up on the internet. Even if you are only writing about your favorite TV shows, put a blog together. There are tons of little jobs on Craigslist that can help you build your resume.
Also, if you have to take a job straight out of college to support yourself - as I did - try to get the boss to give you writing assignments even if it is not part of the job description. I worked as an assistant (non-comms job) for a large company that was in the midst of rewriting their SOPs (standard operating procedures.) My boss, who started as a salesperson somehow got that assignment. (I seriously don't know how - he didn't know the difference between "there," "they're" and "their" - LOL.) I offered to do them for him and he was relieved. I learned everything I could about the format (just by searching the internet) and went at it. The next year, I did the updates. The next year, I was doing SOPs for that company and a few others on a freelance basis.
One last thing: the best thing about getting a non-Comms degree is that you can change careers easily if you ever want to. There is a very high burnout rate for tech writing. It's demanding work and I think it would be very hard to do for an entire career. (I am presently looking to transition into another career entirely.)
I hope some of this helps - good luck!
Technical Writing Skills : How to Write a Project Description for a Proposal
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introduction to technical writing_2"introduction to technical writing"
Writing term paper: top seven (7) steps:
Term paper is also known as research paper, which requires enough research and knowledge to write. Writing a term paper requires sharp technical writing skills. Term paper begins with thesis statement, followed by supporting facts and figures and sums up with a conclusion. Following are seven steps involved in writing the term paper: Figure out exactly what your professor wants: Read all the instruction given by your professor and figure out what they want exactly. It you have not read all the instructions properly you will be unable to write a high-quality term paper and also not be able to get good marks. Topic selection: The most important step in writing a term paper is choosing a term paper topic. It is necessary the topic you choose must be well-researched, original and realistic. Avoid choosing too broad topic; try to make it as creative as possible. It is better to choose a topic on which you have some interest and knowledge. Research: Research as much material as you can. The more research material you have the more you get the command on writing the term paper. Before writing future it is necessary to get the command on your topic. Organize all the research material and remove all the irrelevant material. Make sure you have sufficient evidences to support your topic. Write an outline: Once you have your topic and research material next step is to develop an outline, which is the road map to success in writing a term paper. It is difficult to write a successful term paper without creating an outline. Before writing the final draft it is necessary to get approved the outline from your advisor. Write a very clear thesis statement: Your thesis statement must be appealing and easy to understand. It helps the reader to get the idea about your research problem. Write a cool introduction: After approving the outline from your professor next step is to write a cool introduction. Start out with an appealing anecdote, a startling statistic, or something that encourages the reader to read the full term paper. Use your thoughts. Use resources: If you have copied something from other person’s research paper, don’t forget to add references otherwise your term paper will be called plagiarized, which is unlawful.
About the Author
To get further help and tips on term paper writing, you can visit:
As a newly self published author, I am amazed by how many people have told me that they have a novel or idea for a book that they always wanted to have published. I usually tell these aspiring writers that it can happen and, if they are willing to listen, I tell them my story about how I self published my book. I have always enjoyed writing, mostly for my own enjoyment, but knew I had a talent for creative writing. My first audience was my co-workers at a bank I worked for in Seattle, where everyday, I filled in for the receptionist while she when to lunch. During that hour, I wrote installments to a suspense thriller, set on the Oregon coast, which I shared with the other assistants on the floor who eagerly awaited my new chapters. Years later, I moved to Hawaii and sent regular email updates of my adventures to my friends, which I called "Memos from Maui." Living in Hawaii is kind of like living in a foreign country and I had fun sharing my observations of life on a tropical island. "Memos from Maui" were well received and I knew then that I was hooked; I had to do something with my writing. Like the aspiring writers I mentioned earlier, I too was engaged in making a living as well as dealing with life's other distractions. I have had a number of different careers, but none gave me the satisfaction I felt when I had people tell me that they liked my writing.
Returning to the mainland, I settled into a familiar routine of working for a living. One day, I picked up a Learning Annex catalog and came across a screenwriting class and decided to enroll. The instructor's name was Lew Hunter, who for years taught his "Screenwriting 434" at the UCLA Film School. His method for writing a screenplay is a formula based on the three-act Greek play. His class taught specific methods of story and character development. It gave me an entirely different set of tools as a writer and I began to write my first screenplay. After 3 months of writing, I completed Dance of the Heart. The method of writing I learned from Lew made the process of writing much more structured and as a result, made writing easier. I sent my screenplay off to a couple of screenwriting competitions and readers, but like most screenplays that are written, it didn't get noticed. My story sat in my files for about 5 years until I decided that I believed in my story and that I would rewrite it into a novel. I took me about a year, but I finally finished Dance of the Heart as a novel.
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Tips for writing high quality software documentation
Software documentation is an important part of every company involved in software product development. Software documentation is a document or a written text which either aims at explaining how a software works or how a user can operate a software. There are different types of documentation associated with the development of software depending upon the various stages involved in a software development life cycle (SDLC). Right from the very beginning of a software development cycle until the final delivery of the product, each phase requires software documentation. Therefore, this has made documentation process to be an integral part of every software product development company.
It is very important for every software documentation expert to deliver a high quality document. For writing a high quality software document, the experts need to follow some standards and guidelines. As such, there are no specific guidelines or standards for designing a software documentation template. These standards vary in each and every organization. But, by following some of the general guidelines, one can really come out with a well versed and high quality document. Let us see what all is required for technical documentation.
Technical documentation describes writing the technical aspects or working of the software. The very first thing which needs to be taken into account by a software documentation expert is to know what is required to be documented in technical documentation. Technical writer must identify the goal of writing the document.
In general, for most of the software products, technical documentation template can include the below mentioned details. These details are:
a) Technical document can have a list of important files associated with the functioning of the software. b) Details of functions or sub routines used in an application. c) Details of the global variables and constants used for the development of software. d) Specification of 3rd party objects. e) Details pertaining to Application Programming Interface (API) reference.
These are few in-general things required for getting forward with the documenting process in every software development company.
Also, we would like to highlight few things which need to be taken into account by a technical writer to get an effective and high quality document.
1. The technical writer must be clear with his goal of writing the document. 2. Proper and correct usage of grammar is necessary. 3. While documenting, just keep in mind to keep screen shots small. Rather than capturing whole screen for highlighting just a part of screen, try to take small snap shots focusing on the area which needs to be highlighted or discussed. 4. Be clear in your explanations. Make use of examples wherever possible to make the reader easily understandable. 5. Do not create a document using narrow margins. Always use sufficient margins while designing a document. 6. Remember to reveal sources and references which are basically the authorities as well experts in the field. 7. Proof read the document once before making final submissions for review. 8. Lastly, always forward your document for a review.
About the Author
Nick Thomas is the author of this article. He has been writing articles for many custom software development related organizations like Q3 technologies. . Moreover, he has been actively involved in providing useful content writing material related to organizations like Q3 technologies jaipur.
For more details, feel free to visit http://www.q3tech.com
how to write a technical documentation_2"how to write a technical documentation" "Did it helped?" or "did that helped?"?
English is not my native language,have no one else to ask:) Imagine there is a wall of text with some technical documentation or whatever else, and you wonder if it helped the reader somehow. How is it correctly to write the question: "did it helped?" or "did that helped?". Thank you everyone.
Help.. not helpED ..
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how to write a technical documentation how to write a technical documentation
how to write a technical manual"how to write a technical manual"
Creating a Corporate Writing Style
Writing style refers to the words and expressions – as well as to the spelling, grammar and punctuation – a person uses when writing letters and memos. Each of us has a personal style of writing which, like our speaking voice, is usually recognizable.
To distinguish itself from its competitors your company also needs its own writing style, one that will make it recognizable and enhance brand awareness.
The problem is that corporate communications are written by many people, each with their own personal style. This is especially true where particular documents, such as newsletters, technical manuals and corporate brochures, websites and ezines, contain contributions from several people.
Thus there is a need to create a company writing style that unifies written communications and reflects corporate identity and image.
If you examine the brochures and websites of major corporations you’ll see that the style of writing varies – sometime subtly but always distinctively – from one company to the next. You will also notice that the corporate literature of each particular company reflects a unified style, as if it had all been written by the same person, ie the same corporate personality.
The best way to achieve a unified writing style that is stamped with your corporate personality is to create a document called a style-guide.
A style-guide is a booklet that covers word, phrase and sentence usage, and approaches to be taken in structuring particular types of communications, such as brochures, technical manuals or ezines, as well as common errors in grammar and syntax. It lays down the ‘rules’ to be followed when writing corporate literature.
A style-guide should provide your corporate communications with a distinct vocabulary and cadence that is appropriate to your business. Obviously a writing style that is suitable for a financial services company or bank must differ greatly from the style of a fashion house. An appropriate style-guide will provide your company with the overall tone and word-quality you need to communicate successfully with your target audiences.
When devising a style-guide, an independent consultant is essential to preserve objectivity. Giving the job to an in-house executive may result in writing style that is contentious because everyone within your company is likely to have views on what is an appropriate and ‘correct’ style. An external writing consultant will have the experience needed to devise an appropriate style – it’s his main job after all.
The consultant will begin with an examination of your company, its marketing efforts, communication channels and target audiences. He or she will also peruse the company’s marketing communications and other corporate literature. This getting-to-know-you phase must be done thoroughly which can take time.
Once he understands your company, its communication objectives and typical audiences, the consultant will be in a position to draft a corporate style manual and agree its content with senior management. To illustrate the value of the proposed writing style, he or she should rewrite some of your recent corporate literature and show how the proposed style will enhance corporate recognition and branding.
You should always ensure that the final guide is delivered in electronic format so that it may be printed and distributed among your staff without restriction. Once it has been issued, you will also need to take steps to ensure that the writing ‘rules’ are followed in all communications with markets and stakeholders.
A well-thought out writing style-guide with clear understandable rules, which are applied consistently to all corporate literature – print and electronic – will ensure clarity and harmony in your corporate communications and reinforce corporate personality. It’s just as important as your logo and visual imagery.
About the Author
Paul D Kennedy (http://www.paul-kennedy.com) is a business consultant and writer. A short-story prize winner, he was founding editor of ‘Kuwait this month’. His book ‘Doing Business with Kuwait’ (Kogan Page, London, 1997 and 2004) is the definite guide to that country. ‘Arabic Tales for the young and the curious’ (http://www.arabic-tales.com), Paul's recreation of Arab folk myths, is available on Amazon. To solve corporate writing challenges and imbue business communications with clarity, impact and persuasiveness go to http://www.writingservices.eu
Academic Writing Tips : How to Write an MLA Reference Page
how to write a technical manual how to write a technical manual
how to write technical description"how to write technical description" an engineering/technology mind speaking to the business mind?
It seems there are two mindsets out there. The logical/technology enabled mind and the business mind. I have just written a report that was deemed too technical even though I had dumbed it down for the business mind to understand. Not being rude here. When I mean dumbed down, I mean I have tried to put it in simple abstract high level descriptions.
But what is the best way to understand how to communicate to the business mind. What is the best way to develop this skill
This is one of the most thought provoking questions I have ever come across. I am a business professor. Some of my peers also have degrees in physics or chemistry and I DO NOT.
My son is an engineer and we have a hard time communiting about what each of us calls simple stuff.
He wants exact specifications in order to answer a question I ask and i WANT only what is the end objective and what are your resources and who are your competitors.
38 yrs ago, I created the non-college business incubator and I found that many science inventors only invent for fun, they do not try to solve current problems and business is interested in earning $ by servicing known or unknown markets.
Thus, many items produced for the market place have no home --yet! The fax took 35 yrs to find a market. Yet, the pet rock sold immediately! Go figure!
A car engine was made by a mechanic but designed by a scientist. YET, when we consumers go into the shop for maintenance, what used to be a 5 min repair or action [changing oil or an oil filter] can take 30 min to an hour on different vehicle].
thus, scientists and business people did not get together.
by the same token, science often discovers things-ideas for which there is not market and a market is immediately created!
All that said, if a scientist would take their ideas or gizmos and find a business plan template, I am betting both scientist and business person would have an easier time communicating because they both have the desire to "fiscally" succeed and a biz plan combines emotion and hard data.
Creative & Practical Writing Tips : How to Write a Diary
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