I admit, the idea of quadrupling your business with AB testing (or any kind of technique for that matter) sounds like a bit of a hyped up claim.
But, before you disregard the idea and go somewhere else let me explain how it really is possible.
In fact, it's not only possible, most of the time it's not even difficult and you'll wish you'd have used this technique earlier.
So if such a massive increase in business is feasible why isn't everyone doing it?
These companies already are and they seem to be doing ok out of it:
Amazon.com
Google
Microsoft
BBC
eBay
I've just started to use this technique myself and I've already quadrupled my mailing list subscriber rate after just two days of testing.
Ok, that's enough of the hype, let's get down to business with some facts and explanations of how you can use this technique in your business.
A Real Example of AB Testing
Many of the most successful marketers are compulsive testers, they split test everything. So what is split testing, or AB testing as it's sometimes known as?
It's really simple. To use my mailing list example I just swap the heading above the subscription fields automatically every five minutes, technically very easy to do.
Both headings are true, they have to be because we're not here to mislead potential prospects, but I reword them slightly and use a different emphasis.
For example at the time of writing this I'm split testing two headings, one with emphasis on "business mindset tips", the other with emphasis on "business ideas".
I'd been using the "business mindset" heading with reasonable but not great results for months now. However, I noticed that most people find my website in Google by searching for business ideas so I thought I'd test a new heading related to that.
It turns out after only a couple of days of split testing that four times as many people subscribe with the new header. That's an impressive result for the first test, I wish I'd done this months ago.
But that's not the end of it. What I'll do is take the winner of the two headings and then split test that against another heading.
Can you see where this is going? If I keep repeating the process, keeping the winner and split testing it against another heading I'll more than quadruple my subscription rate. I'll find headings which work better and better the more I test.
The best thing about this is that it's easy, free and it totally removes the guesswork, something I always try to do.
How Can You Use AB Testing
With internet marketing split testing is easy. You can use some code to automatically do the split testing for you, then use something like Google Analytics to create goals and track conversion rates.
However, it's not difficult in offline businesses either. Direct marketers have been using split testing for years.
They send out samples of sales letters with slightly different headings or text and see what converts the best before they send out the letters to thousands of people.
It's important though to only change one variable in each of your split tests. For example if you were to change the heading AND text between two sales letter samples, how would you know if it was the heading or the text which increased/decreased conversion rated?
You wouldn't, so it's important to only test one small change at a time.
A good way to track your results in both online and offline businesses is to use promo codes, especially if you offer a discount.
Wherever you usually advertise your business, try creating two adverts with slightly different headings. Offer a small discount in both but use a different promo code in each.
When your customers use the promo code to get their discount you'll know which advert persuaded them to purchase.
With that information you can easily work out which advert works the best. If both ads had the same exposure then it's simply the one with the biggest number of promo code uses.
Remember though, only change one thing at a time between the two ads under test and repeat the process, keeping the winning ad each time and swapping the loser for a new idea.
My Own Experience of Split Testing
I've used split testing many times in the past with great success. My biggest mistake with my mailing list was making assumptions that I knew what my subscribers wanted and not to split test from the start.
I also split test the actual emails I send out, sending out the same email to two different groups but changing only the subject line.
It's surprising how different subject lines (effectively a sales letter heading) can make a massive difference to the email open rates.
In the past I've also split tested sales letters on my websites. Tweaking and testing the headline has literally turned some of my product sales from one or two a month to fifteen or more.
Google AdWords is a great advertising service which makes split testing so easy you'd be crazy not to do it.
I used AdWords for about a year and split tested right to the point where Google scored me 10/10 for my keywords/adverts/landing page combinations. This made my ads much cheaper and more cost effective.
I also split tested the AdWords headings and text until click though rates were around 20%. They started off at below 1% in the early days. Conversion rates for people who purchased/subscribed were well into the double figures too.
In conclusion, split testing really works and using it will give you a massive competitive advantage if your competitors aren't using it. They won't have a clue how you're managing to continually out sell them.
About the Author
Jason is a freelance Software Engineer who is a keen blogger, has run a number of online businesses and is also in the property letting business. His interests include researching and teaching the business mindset, his goal being to learn all there is to know about how to be a successful entrepreneur and to pass this information on to others. For more information visit: http://BusinessMindsetExpert.com or follow him at http://Twitter.com/JRKtm
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Employment Potential for Agricultural and Allied Graduate as Self Employers
Employment Opportunities for Agricultural Graduates
G.M. Wani
Ph.D ; D.V.M (Germany)
FN ISSGAPU, FN DAAD
Director Extension Education / SAMETI
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
Shalimar, Srinagar, 191121
Introduction
In the past few years the growth of Agricultural Universities have increased from few in 1940 to more than 40 by 2004. The enrolled students number increased from mere half a thousand to nearly 20 thousands between this period. As on today we have 260 colleges in India imparting educational degrees in Agriculture alone. They consist of various disciplines including veterinary, horticulture, sericulture, forestry, floriculture and a number of other sub-disciplines as plantation crops, medicinal herbs, mushroom, seed production, dairy production, agri-management and like. A number of Government department in India employ agricultural and allied graduates. The mode of recruitment is through respective State & Central Govt. public service commissions.
Beside professional employment, the agricultural graduates can compete in the national or State administrative or financial and allied services. Similarly many banks, insurance companies, private industries, private concerns and development companies. The NGO do also employ agricultural and allied graduates. The graduates have to go through employment new and other professional Journals through Radio, TV and both central and State Govts. also give advertisements. A vast number of professional, managerial and industry related advanced courses after agri or allied graduation are also advertised. They include business management, financial management or related disciplines in corporate sector. A diploma in mass media, computers or even commerce shall fetch a graduate additional employment chances in Govt. and private sectors. Opportunities in foreign countries for agri-graduates are also there, however this would need diploma in international agriculture and a driving licence besides a passport.
For graduates a number of courses are available for Masters. Even on date we have 1/3rd positions vacant in SAU and ICAR Institutes, for which annually ARS examination is being held by Agriculture Scientists Recruitment Board. The recruitment to scientists and Assistant professors is open to all M.Sc /M.V.Sc or allied post graduates and Ph.D holders. Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with NABARD and other banks have launched Agri-business Agri clinic courses. They are 3 months courses on the job training to Agri-graduates free of cost. In fact all the expenses are borne by the Agri-business school. A network of such training schools have been established. We have also a dozen in J&K. There is a strong future for agri-graduates in private sector. They can set up crop, fruit nurseries or open seed sale and production centres. We have a number of successful agri-graduates earning more than Rs. 20,000/- a month in various parts of the valley. The whole agricultural and allied sector has a strong employment generation potential. We have identified 15 such agri business ventures, which can be profitable employment ventures. A great potential of employment is hidden in Nursery plants for fruits and vegetables. An investment of Rs. 30,000/- per year may give a net profit of Rs. 2 lakh per annum.
Australia also provides many jobs like in Europe and USA for Indian Agri-graduates. The respective embassies or the internet employment advertise many help Agri graduates. For Australia information can be had on www.dookie. Uniemb.ed.am/. More personal information can be had on phone 0427355721 or email saparker@uniemeb.edu.an. Likewise many websites are available around the globe and in India too. New ventures financed by banks are Agri.biotechnologies and precision farming for organic Agriculture.
Agricultural development over years has been the result of continuous agri skill generation and its popularization. The earliest agriculture was animal domestication. Over thousands of years man domesticated wild fowl, dog, goat and smaller animals, whom he could overpower easily and subjugate to his sub-ordination. Agriculture thus since beginning has been the results of trails, experiments and experiences over years, learned first though behavioral changes, psychic reoccurrences, memories passed through parents to children and later on through doing and learning and now through sharing experiences and writing them or dotting them as an Entrepreneurship concern.
Entrepreneurship concept
The Entrepreneurship adds economic profits and cost-benefit ratios to Agricultural Output. Entrepreneurship is dominated by four factors like:
a. Social changes
b. Support system availability
c. Resource base and its utilization
d. Self confidence, exploration work capacity and intellectual potency.
An entrepreneur has to have a thinking of his own, a capacity building interest in acquiring needed technique. An explorative and analytic faculties to judge the way of procuring cheap raw material. He must be equipped with “knowledge” and mindset to use and benefit out of it.
Farm Business
A potential entrepreneurship must strive from getting maximum output. Decades back agricultural development and industrial setups was a public sponsored and heavily subsidized but over time “knowledge” explosion in Indian Agriculture, have brought us on threshold of a system, where wide distances exist between industry and farm business. Where huge subsidies are benefiting Agro-Industrialists. The Farmers who use fertilizers or agro-chemical are crushed under economic pressures. The gaps between technology generated and technology use at farmers door is increasing day after day. The farm technology adoption rates are not more than 20-30% by any higher prospective.
The use of information and communication technology (I&CT) for reducing the gaps and increasing productivity is the need of the hour (Wani, 2005). The modern technology and knowledge flow is fast expanding and bringing change. It demands more educated and trained farmers. Our education system has produced more literates but not educationally trained youth to earn their own bread. They after attaining graduation in agriculture and allied sectors, beg for job. The system has to be corrected to make these graduates as employers and not employees. I wrote a treatise in 1992, emphasizing a system where our agriculture graduates should be employers not employees. Germans are smart to have Farmers school, Farmer business training institutes, practical agri-farmers training centres and like, where every farmer or animal husbandry man is essentially a trained fellow. The banking system is so organized that they are on the door of convocation hall to sell their agri-business and agri-clinics packages to graduates, without any investments. Banks are so smart, that they have surveyed the villages who need vets or agri-graduates or have attained land and all facilitation, so that agricultural or veterinary or even other medico-biological graduates are used as bank investment. This is what is envisaged in India under agri-clinic, Agribusiness venture. We have trainings not in the hands of banks but with universities. There is practically little interaction between universities or banks or employers.
Success of Agribusiness:
A poor liaison and support system between Govt. banking and University culture has made this otherwise an remunerative and lucerative programmes into a failure inspite of its personal monitoring by PMO. We visited Bandipora district and unregistered Agriclinic graduates were earning a handsome salary, more than the Rahbar-e-zerat or Agriculture Asstt. Agribusiness viz sale of pesticides, cattle feed, poultry feed and agri-extension services were common. At a small village in Papchan, one agri graduate Mr. Iqbal Shah earns Rs. 10,000/- per month by selling the services and input. At a distance of few kms in the same district one Mr. Khyatlani owns a big poultry farm and earns around Rs. 20,000/- per month. Both these entrepreneurs employ 2-3 persons at present. Similarly, the success shown by one Mr. Shah at Malangam in Agri products and pesticide sale and one Mr. Bhat in Dairy production and milk product sale earn a handsome income besides generating employment for poor. All these agricultural graduates have started their own business concerns without any bank or university help.
Farmer as Entrepreneur
Indian Farming and farmer has to change if proper WTO recommendation and GATT agreements are to be followed. The present day poultry scenario is emerging as high profile agri-business in India. The conversion of poultry farmer’s into poultry entrepreneurs shall make the present day 6% contribution of poultry products from India and China to 25% share of Global market. This when translated into action shall increase employment generation by manifolds. The introduction of rural based Vanraja, Gramapriya, Giriraja, Cari Gold and vast other locally grown varieties of poultry have adopted well to our agri-rural base. The market acceptability is higher than exotic poultry concerns. Free-rang-poultry is like BT cotton hybrid spreading through villages of India and assuring high returns and exports (wani, 2007).
Poultry as Agri-business
Dr. Gordon Butland, president of Global poultry strategies presents “Backyard poultry production” as a tool of alleviating poverty and malnutrition. We have tried to distribute “birds” under free-range system in all our KVK’s, our results were excellent and income generation was totally in favour of the Agri-business and agri-clinics.
This all will need the involvement of Agri-Veterinary and food processing technocrats to develop rural-based establishments so as to foster export and fast returns.
Holistic Vision for Livestock Enterprise
Improving income, employment and self-reliance among educated graduates and un-employed youth especially women needs fostering community development, women empowerment, environmental protection. Rural-based backyard poultry subscribes to all these norms and could be a rich resource for developing agri-entrepreneurship. Govt. of India is liberally financing such agri-business ventures. Some of the success stories in animal husbandry section can be reproduced as follows:
Backyard poultry and incubation
Though the Vanraja are the most suitable for back yard poultry, they do not have habit of broodiness. There is a problem among the farmer to get a broody hen in all season. KVK solve this problem of hatching by installing small unit of hatchery. Every month 15-20 farmers are benefited by purchasing chicks for backyard poultry. There are 200 back yard poultry units of Vanraja. Each farmer is rearing 10 to 25 in the backyard. There is a good demand and response for the chicks and eggs of Vanraja. KVKs are now planning to expand this entrepreneurship by Agri-graduates .
Semi-stall-fed Goat Rearing
KVK’s made an intervention to improve this enterprise by conducting short duration training programmes for rural youth. Similarly exposure visit were organized on goat feed, breed and health management. More emphasis was given on Osmanabadi goat and up-gradation in selected non-descript goat breed by osmanabadi pure buck and given the knowledge about semi stallfed goat rearing concept. This experience in Andra Pradesh shows a great potential for agri-graduates own business.
Broiler Production
A KVK has conducted training programmes for 165 trainees. Due to training and demonstrations awareness was increased about contract farming in broiler production with private sector which provide chicks, feed and medicine and after 40 days purchases them back. They acquired skills through learning by doing at KVK demonstration unit and earned money. The technology has been adopted by 10 percent of youths now in the radius of 20 km. There are 27 poultry units having capacity of 5000-10000 poultry birds on contract farming basis. These self employed rural youth earning Rs 10000-15000 per lot.
A seminar-cum-farmer’s meet was arranged at SKUAST-K on 26- 27th of Oct.2007. The knowledge –sharing with farmers by agricultural graduates and scientists was emphasized by His Excellency the Chancellor and Governor of J&K. A vision of poverty alleviation through backyard poultry intervention was the theme of the seminar. Many belts in Gurez, Tangdar, Tillail and Zanskar are rearing native livestock species. They are better suited and need improvement and identification. The cooking methods will need more expansion and scientific intervention for export. More emphasis has to be made on:
· Safe feed and food.
· Organic fodder and food.
· Operational excellence and modern mechanization to improve quality of indigenous enterprises.
· Local family management to farm business management and seller-buyer mode adoption.
This will need graduate farmers who are trained. Thus future farmer has to be a farmer graduate as in USA, Germany etc.
High Value Agri-business
Rapid growth rate in high value commodities in Indian agriculture promises 40% total output. The sectors assuming importance for export earnings are Fruits, milk, vegetable and poultry. Thus Agriclinic training centres should focus on these commodity oriented trainings. The sector may need more than 1 lac young agri-graduate entrepreneurs to achieve national goals and not the mere 14000 un-employed agriculture graduates.
Technological Prospective
The technological gaps between research yields and Farmers yields are wide. The technological know how over years is on shelf. Much of it has remained frozen if not dead within the fore walls of institutions. The location specific, crop and soil specific innovations to farmer’s practices are few. Our integrated & mixed farming practiced by our farmer’s, needs packages recommending mixed farming improvements which is not forth coming. Our research institutes mostly aped the experimentations on commercial farming of west with few modifications and even additions at times. Our traditional agriculture existing still in remote areas encompass the use of farm yard manure, vormiculture & use of agricultural waste materials. The present problems of low soil fertility, reduction in yields and soil salinity have arisen due to excessive use of chemical inputs in farming with little care of the soil.
This scenario resulted due to incomplete innovative approaches of research. Our researchers blindly advocated more and more use of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides, which helped to gain grain revolutions, but left legacy of polluted water, air & environment with degraded soils. These revolutions debarred future sustenance. This was due to poor perception.
Thus immediate need is to make researchers akin with information technology and advanced communication. The rapid evolution of information science demands quick and speedy transfer of technologies, awareness & even subject reviews to farmer’s for speedy application. The productivity would be better if technological advances are adopted and their impact is known. The knowledge of computer hardware, software as well interlinking the information dissemination channels and outlets is essential. This will consume hundreds of Agri-graduates in mass media, information and communication.
Our vision
Mixed Farm University Culture:
Higher productivity gains can be achieved through application of technology and production recommendations at farmer’s fields. We have 65% small and marginal farmers whose awareness potential is low. The production system prevailing with these farmers is a mixed farming or composite farming. In contrast to USA and European agriculture our necessity is to increase “Crop –livestock-fish-plant integrated production system with multiple livelihood opportunities”. Therefore, we need our own innovative educational and training policies. A mixed agriculture University and Education set ups is our necessity. We are at present going astray to our need. Quick and fast measures and needed to unify our educational system, involving all agriculture and allied disciplines, industries, corporate sectors and farmers institution.
Higher productivity Concerns:
Indian Agricultural pride years of green revolution post 1968 saw reduction in food gain imports and subsequently white, blue and other revolutions sustained our population pressures and agriculture growth. Our agricultural growth rate (AGR) need to be equal if not more to population growth rate (PGR). Our AGR target ought to be double the PGR.
This is important as consumption rates, purchasing power and employment prospects increase. An estimated food grain of 210 million tons at present may need to be doubled in next 10 years. We have to achieve high targets of productivity by vertical expansion as horizontal land expansion is just not possible. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan has quoted figures as of 160 million tones of rice from 40m hac of land, thereby setting the productivity target of 4 t/h. Like wise production of 100 million tones of wheat from 25 million tones of wheat from 25 million hectors needs a productivity of 4t/hac. Our aim to double our per hac productivity needs more technical manpower in extension, industry and at gross root level.
The climatic disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods; have effected our agricultural production in the past and additional requirements needs to be kept in mind while planning food security. We need to increase per capita consumption expenditures of Rs.600 per month. We need to bridge the gaps between potential and actual yields at farmers level. The chemical farming hazards of poor soil fertility, low water availability, pollution and environmental concerns impede our agricultural development. Thus refined technology, participatory research and educational modules are needed. The new pressures of Global marketing. World trade and tariff regulations have to be accommodated. This all will need incorporation of new themes like post-harvest management, value addition, packaging, communication, credit and market information services in our course curricula. Thus a new multidimensional change in academic curriculum is envisaged, which may open new opportunities for Agricultural and allied graduates.
Quality Assurance
We feel pride in calling ourselves as the 2nd largest Agricultural Research system (ARS) in World. When we review our performance we are no where in top ten of most cited agriculture publications countries in the World. USA tops the world list with 3,62,79,842 cited publication/annum, with small country like Switzerland at No.10. The scientific out put in agriculture is highest in USA with 27 lac publication/year followed by Japan, Germany, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to Agriculture publication is 5.48% only with our share of citation at 2.32%. This demands more focus on Quality Assurance. Our prime agenda should be quality Agriultural Education. Our emphasis has to be on:
Academic quality, Accreditation; Desired knowledge, Assessment, Skill and competence building and academic audit. Quality assurance, means strengthening resources, information and maintenance of educational infrastructure. Thus we need to regulate grants and centre-state relations rationally. This will open golden opportunities to our graduate across the borders.
Employment opportunities
We have 36 state/deemed or central agricultural Universities and 20 general universalities with 48 agricultural faculties. The total disciplines needing grants may be strengthened in 5 yrs by 1 core grants to each discipline for quality assurance. We produce 10,000 under graduate 5500 post graduates and 1600 Ph.D in agriculture every years . They add to our unemployed pool. For making them self employees in new ventures and for increased employment , their competence building in Global economics and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bioinformation, Biofertilizers, pesticides and fungicides etc are to be enhanced. New faculty development in all the Universities and colleges is to be executed in coming 5 years. Such as :
Pest information and survey; Risk Management Analysis; Decision support system; Geographic information system. A new trust is to be given to course curriculum integrating field practices in a partnership mode with farmer. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, interaction and co-operation is to be developed. A new model of mechanics in Agricultural and allied curricula is to be integrated, unified and fine tuned to end results. This will demand inter and intra faculty harmony and synchronized course curricula at UG, PG and Ph.D level. This has to be fine tuned to our field requirements and location orientations and Employment opportunities will be the end result.
Asia Specific Agricultural Education:
Indian Economy is a agri-centre economy which supports 70% of our population, as direct rural employment . Forty five percent of the income generated by industries comes from Agri-based (Agro) Industries. Therefore , a vast potential and resource is hidden in it. If we think of Asia specific Agriculture, we have to play a significant role in the region which has 60% of the world population. The region is rich of energy and oil resources and millennium buzz word is open boarders and common market with first priority on peace, confidence and trust. For up-liftmen of region we need training education and human resource utilization. Therefore Agriculture educational reforms are on our door steps to harvest the gains of common economy in the SARC and total Asian region. These educational reforms should involve schools, colleges and Universities. The re-modeling of curriculum will need incorporation of new emerging era, like competitive global marketing, the climatic, disaster, technology use, restrictions, sustainability, environment, water resource conservation, remediation factors etc.
Agri-educational reforms are needed so that ICAR parallels USDA, in governing grant-in aid to whole agriculture sector. An omnibuss act of agriculture in the shape of USA farm bill of 1996 is envisioned. New educational policies so drafted shall be non-discriminative, comprehensive , transparent and accountable. They will pave a way to total employment in Asia for Agri and allied graduates.
Access to Education and Training:
Access to education and training to people below the poverty line, rural youth and women is to be ensured. This will need a total restructured education infrastructure. A three tyre model is envisioned which consists of:
1. On the job, training opportunities on farm mechanization and agriculture.
2. Training skills, up-gradation and rural orientation at University level, refinement and more innovative participatory mode at farmers field. Roaming teaching taught system on holidays and Sundays.
3. Teacher-student-farmer-industry-interaction-work and planed-self- learning by living with farmers. It will ensure quality training and job improvement of skilled manpower for use in Asian Agri development Market. The utilization of Rehbar-e-Zerat in this paid Agri-services to farmers shall provide them job and money.
Informal-flexible Agriculture Information Services
A flexible curriculum models which should have many options at B.Sc level like:
1. Natural science
2. Agri Science
- Production system
- Agri-business
- Social science
3. International Agriculture
4. Natural Resources
5. Agri-business management
6. Biological engineering
7. Dietetrics
8. Landscape Architecture
These inclusions at B.Sc or Post graduate level shall help in graduate employment.
Export Orientation in Agri-education & employment:
In the present era of bio-safety, phyto and zoo sanitation have assumed tremendous importance. Education and knowledge was safe and secure treasure in the past. It is no more true. The export needs knowledge and new inventions need patenting. Web and web designing have made invisible teachers to unknown students. The students-teacher relationship has raised to spiritual horizons. New targets for future educational planning and policies need to have more information and communication technology. Therefore courses on I&C with computer applications is must. These have been strengthened in the SAU and ICAR institutions in the last few years. However a total connectivity is needed with farmers, farm organizations and utilization departments to harvest the gains of technological reforms to increase our exports. Inspite of ranking I in milk production our exports are meager. This is because of poor –zoo-sanitation and Global lobiest are critical of our disease free status. Therefore, policies and programmes in Agri-export orientation and the training to our agri-vet. And allied graduates is a must. Training of these graduates in management, mass media, export-import ventures, industry and related agrobased ventures like sales of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds etc is needed.
Dipak De, 2004. Workshop Background and recommendations In communication support for sustaining extension services edited Dipak De, Jirli,B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, Institute of Agric. Sci, BHU, Varanasi.
Dobrowski, Z.T.2000.The necessity of changes in the methodology of development and implementation of integrated pest management.Pre-conference Symposium – Progress in Plant Protection, held at Nowoursynowska, Poland, 40(1): 334 -342.
Frewer, L.J; Howard, C and Shepherd R. 1998. The influence of initial attitudes on responses to communication about genetic engineering in food production. Agriculture & Human values. 15(1):15-30.
Hardman, PA; Darroch, MAG; Ortmann, GF; Trienekens, JH, and Omta, SWF,2002. Improving co-operation to make South African fresh apple export value chain more competitive.Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Chain and network management in agribusiness and food industry. Noordwifk, Netherlands 6-8 June, 2002 PP 434-443.
Jacques Diouf 1998,Director General, FOAReport on World Food Day, 26th Oct, 1998 Rome.
Luttichen, R.E; Robert, P.C; Rust,R.H and Larson, W.E.2000. Development of an internet based communication and information network to progress the implementation of precision agriculture.Proc. 5th int. conf. on Perecision Agriculture, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, 16-19 July,2000. Publ. 2001 CD. Page 1-14.
Report of the Quinquennial, Review team for KVK Zone V, AP & Maharastra, September,,2001, Edited Wani, G.M, C.M.Singh. Gogoi, DK; Sandhu and Suilac C,9th September,2001, Hyderabad.
Sher-Muhammad; Garforth, C, and Kausar Almas, 2001. Adoption of recommended agricultural technologies by farmers as an indicator of effective communication by extension field staff.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 3(1):13-15. b
Sidiqui, M.A.A, 2004. Plant Resource Management for Entrepreneurship Development. Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business, Deptt. of Extension Education, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar- J&K.
Sutton, A.L; Ong. H.K; Zulkifli, I; Tee, TP and Liang, JB. 2002.The role of Education and Technology Transfer in Livestock Waste Management. Proc. 4th Int. Livestock Waste Management symposium 19-23 May,2002, PP 281-288. Published Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Selangor, Malaysia.
Wani, 2004. Role of communication in enhancing agricultural production – a Vision . In Communication support for sustaining extension services edited. Dipak De, Jirli, B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, BHU, Varanasi, PP 1-26.
Wani, G. M.2000, World Food Day Bulletin, 16 Oct, 2000, Directorate of Extension Education, SKUASTK, Shalimar Srinagar, Kmr.
Wani, G.M. 2004. Agriculture Production & Entrepreneurship – Preface to the proceedings on Plant Resource Management for entrepreneurship development, Directorate of Extension Education, SKUAST-K Shalimar, PP 1-4.
Wani, G.M.2003 Appraisal of Training needs of Farmers. Lead paper presented at National Seminar on “Apraisal of Institutionalized Farmers’ Training Activities’organized by Indian Society for Agriculture Extension at GBPU of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.P
Wani,G.M.2007. Message, “Backyard poultry Production”. Seminar on Backyard poultry Farming for women empowerment & nutritional security Oct. 26-27, 2007, SKUAST-K, J&K PP.
Yahaya, M.K and Omokhaye,S.B.2001. Cocoa farmer’s perceived influence of communication channels on utilization of improved cocoa seed technologies in owan –east local Government area of Edo State. Moor – Journal of Agricultural Research 2(2) : 199-207.
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About the Author
Author is associated with ResearchPapers247.com which is a global Academic Papers & Custom research Papers provider. If you would like help in Academic Papers and Buy essays you can visit ResearchPapers247.com
Week 4
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Product Creation - What Do I Give People To Join My List?
So now that you've been working on building a list you've probably come to realize that one of the next things you're going to have to do is to produce a product. We've already talked about how it's easier to get folks to join your list by offering them a free product and then marketing to them later. But what are you going to give them? You have a few choices, you could give them an e-book, or a video, an audio, perhaps an interview of you asking an expert some questions. Or you could give them a combination of several of different things.
Private Label Rights:
By now you're probably saying something like "I'm not a writer, how do you expect me to come up with any of that stuff"? It's easier than it sounds, you could outsource someone to write a report or e-book for you, but that could get pretty expensive fast I'm assuming that if you're a newbie, you probably don't have a lot of money or don't want to put a lot of money into this just yet. Or you could use Private Label Rights Content. (Most people just call it PLR)
Private Label Rights Content (PLR) is content that you have purchased or have been given, that allows you to make changes for resale purposes. It could be an e-book, a report, an audio file, videos, or a combination of any of these. PLR is ideal for someone who has difficulties making their own products and can be very profitable. You purchase the original product, make some changes, (hopefully for the better), and sell the product over and over again. In addition, you can get a product off the ground and on the shelf a lot faster if somebody else has already put together a good portion of the product for you. Putting together an original product from scratch can take some time, especially if you're not the writer type!
The Fine Print:
But be careful when you're considering buying PLR – often the original author has placed certain conditions on the product – limitations to what you can and can't do with it. For example, the author might state that you're allowed to make changes to the content, rename it and resell it but he might not allow you to give it away, or put it up for sale on an auction site or bundle it with other products. It's always wise to check the licensing on the product first. You certainly don't want to start your Internet Marketing career with a copyright legal problem! LOL.
Normally, when you purchase PLR, the author will give you the file in a format that can be changed easily such as a text file, or a Microsoft word file. Your goal should be to take a product and add some content to it to make it better. Many marketers purchase and resell PLR content without making any changes, but I personally like to change the product a bit, I usually try to take the best content from 2 or 3 different related PLR products, restructure it and put it all together to make a really excellent product. In addition to making it better content, this also keeps the search engines from classifying your product as the "same old stuff".
Your Reputation is at Stake!
I want to stress how important it is to make sure that you're really doing your best to put out an excellent product. Don't expect to be able to take PLR and make a couple of quick changes and toss it out there because you'll be damaging your reputation right from the start. It's much better to take some time, read the whole product, make changes, add content and produce a really excellent product.
Think about it, when you buy an ebook from somebody, you're really hoping to get a great product right? And if you do get a great product from a particular seller, wouldn't you be more inclined to buy more products from that same seller? And wouldn't you be more interested in their up-sell product the next time around if you already know how great their cheap product or their free product was? But if you pay good money for a product that's just okay or even worse than okay (I've bought quite of few of those), chances are you're never going to buy anything from that marketer again. As a matter of fact, when I buy a product that I consider to be pretty poor I immediately get off of that marketer's list. I don't even want to hear from him/her again!
About the Author
I invite you to learn more about internet marketing by downloading your free Internet Marketing Library at http://www.FrankNaens.com
The Pace Report: "Still Soul Searching" The Chuck Brown Interview
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write a report example"write a report example" What's another word that i can use in substitute of the word "they" when writing a report?
Few examples writing a report on mythbusters need some tips.
Go to: http://freethesaurus.net
Main Entry: they
Synonyms: I, I myself, alter, alter ego, alterum, better self, bureaucracy, directorate, ego, ethical self, he, her, herself, hierarchy, higher-ups, higher echelons, him, himself, inner man, inner self, it, management, me, ministry, my humble self, myself, number one, officialdom, oneself, other self, ourselves, prelacy, ruling class, ruling classes, self, she, subconscious self, subliminal self, superego, the Establishment, the administration, the authorities, the ingroup, the interests, the people upstairs, the power elite, the power structure, the top, them, themselves, top brass, you, yours truly, yourself, yourselves
Main entries similar to: they
administration, alter ego, authorities, better self, bureaucracy, directorate, ego, Establishment, he, her, hierarchy, higher-up, him, I, ingroup, inner circle, inner man, ins, interests, it, itself, management, me, ministry, number one, officialdom, oneself, other self, power elite, power structure, powers that be, ruling class, self, she, superego, them, themselves, top, top brass, you, yourself
I like: the powers to be
Alice: Everything Else Can Wait Til Tomorrow
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While it could be due to any combination of reasons (punctuation, grammar, misspellings), Fried was referring specifically to bland, boring copy which does little more than imitate all the bland, boring copy you've read before.
Great copy, according to Fried, has a personality and invokes emotion, among other things. But how do you do that? Ask any writer, and they'll probably give you a number of tricks and tips to make your copy kick. But in this article, I'll show you six techniques you can apply right now to make the difference between copy which moves readers to take action and moves them to, well, move on.
1. Write like you speak. Forget everything you learned about writing a college term paper. This ain't that. (Yes, I meant to write that).
The most vivid, engaging copy reads like a conversation between two friends. So, imagine you're having a conversation with your ideal client, whom you might also like to one day have as a friend. What would you say? How might you interact? Write it down. Or, if you have to, speak into a recorder and then transcribe the material. Don't worry about editing. That comes later. For now, just write it down.
2. Show personality. It's perfectly okay, as Fried illustrates in his article, to let your personality shine when writing. Really, it is. From website content to sales letters to email blasts to cover letters, readers welcome sincere, down-to-earth copy which gives them a sense of a real person behind the words. Don't worry about how you think you're "supposed" to sound.
One of the best pieces of writing I did recently was for a CPA who's not your typical, boring, run-of-the-mill number cruncher (sorry, CPAs). She's an outgoing person who loves to connect with people, and we showcased that in her copy. Sure, there are other firms in town, but I guarantee none communicate the welcoming, personable message she does (I know they don't, because I read their copy!).
Want to know how to beat your competition? Just be yourself! Don't be afraid to put some personality into your writing.
3. Tell stories or use scenarios. One of my favorite TV shows ever was, "The Golden Girls." I especially loved the character Sophia, played by the late Estelle Getty. Sophia was known for her wisecracks and vivid, often outlandish, recollections of her homeland, Sicily. She was particularly dramatic in recounting these far-fetched tales, and she always set the stage with one phrase: "Picture this: Sicily. 19--."
And it worked like a charm, every time. Viewers would wait excitedly for the tale that followed and without fail, left them in stitches.
Readers, too, love stories. Set it up. Paint the picture. Create the dialogue. Speak directly to that thing you know your readers want to hear. Give voice to your company. Readers will remember you for it.
4. Not a good storyteller? Then write to pictures. That's a trick I learned during my TV news days. Turn on your local TV news station and count how many times a reporter says, "If you look over to my left," or, "You can see the fire raging behind me."
Not only is it easier to write when you have a visual, but the best writing is that which helps the reader paint some type of vivid mental image.
What if your copy doesn't call for pictures? That's fine; choose an image which would be suitable to use if it did, and describe it as thoroughly as possible, referencing color, texture, smell, etc. Making sure your words and imagery are congruent helps to build credibility and continuity throughout your writing.
5. Cut to the chase. Your readers have limited time, waning attention spans, and lives which require their focus. Respect their time. Use short, succinct sentences and paragraphs, bullets, headlines, and subheads to build visual interest and break up long blocks of text.
6. Proofread. Then, have someone else proofread. Even the spiffiest, punchiest, most conversational, image-rich copy will be a bust if it's laden with errors or typos. Want proof?
Picture this: you're all dressed up and ready to go to a black-tie affair at the White House. You're wearing that little wrap-around black dress which comes just above the knee and has a quarter-inch slit on the left thigh. You've donned your diamond earrings and pearl necklace, sprayed your Chanel No 5 behind both ears and slid on your Christian Louboutin's. You're on your way out the door when you look down and notice the little run in your hose. There, right where the top of your foot rests snugly inside the tip of your shoe.
In the time it took you to read five little sentences, you went from oh, so well put-together to…not. Get the point?
One little oversight can ruin a great outfit, or great copy.
About the Author
Nichole Bazemore is an Atlanta-based freelance copywriter. Her company, Simply Stated Solutions, provides B2B and B2C copywriting for solo-entrepreneurs and small to medium-sized businesses. Learn more about Nichole and her work via her website, http://www.simplystatedsolutions.com.
Home Business Tax Write Offs | Saving Taxes With Your Home Based Businesses
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technical writing seminars"technical writing seminars" how to write a technical seminar reort?
Step by step outlook of a technical report 1. title 2. organiser 3.venue & date 4.list of speakers with topics 5.high-lights of each topic with reference for further info/reading 6.topics of your interest 7. gains/remarks
report writing on an event"report writing on an event"
How to Write and Submit Online Press Releases Like a Pro
Writing online press releases can help boost your business's online credibility significantly as well as help you get valuable information out to your customers and potential customers. If there is a particular event coming up, a current promotion or exciting news dealing with your company, it's a great idea to share that information with people who are interested, your customers.
Sending out press releases to journalists as well as distributing them to online press release sites and bloggers on a regular basis will increase your sales and build your online reputation. However, in order to begin, you must first know how to write a good press release that won't hurt your business. In order to write a successful press release you need to know what information to include. Here are 8 things that you must keep in mind while writing a press release.
1.Think about who you are trying to reach. Keep in mind the audience you are trying to speak to and don't veer off course. Don't use technical business jargon that your readers won't understand. Remember that many people who read online only skim, so keep the paragraphs short and interesting or you'll lose your readers.
2. Come up with an enticing headline. What good is a well-written press release if the headline is so boring that no one will click on it? Make sure your online press release's headline describes what the PR is about in an interesting way to lure readers in. Remember to keep it short, you only have a few seconds to catch a Web surfer's attention.
3. Find news-related material to write about. Timely, news-worthy press releases will grab readers' attention. Write about a new product or service, industry trends, helpful tips that deal with your business, receiving an award or involvement in a charity, sponsoring an event, opening a new office, etc. The topics are endless; you just have to keep your eyes open for an interesting news story.
4. Include the 5 W's. When writing the press release, make sure to always include information such as "who, what, where, why and when." This is particularly important when you are writing about an event.
5. Always include quotations. Using quotes gives a human interest appeal to the story and makes it more interesting. Include at least one or two in every press release you write.
6. Keep style in mind. When writing an online press release, inverted pyramid style is the best. This is what reporters use for news stories, because it present the most newsworthy information at the beginning followed by the less-crucial details. Writing in inverted pyramid style catches the attention of readers and ensures that even if they drop off after a few paragraphs and stop reading, they still got the most important information.
7. Include keywords. In order to get your press release indexed in Google as fast as possible, make sure to include at least 1-2 keywords. There should be a keyword in the title as well as a few in the body of the PR. This will help people who are searching online stumble across your press release, and they'll be more likely to read it.
8. Provide contact information. Every press release needs to include the name, phone number and email address of at least one contact within the company. This will be the person who will take the phone calls and requests from reporters or others who are inquiring about the information in the press release. Also include the name and address of the company.
After you've written a press release, the next step is to distribute it. There are many press release submission sites online, however, this task can be extremely tedious because each PR should be submitted to several sites. Also you should be submitting a new press release to multiple sites frequently. Here are 3 tips for distributing online press releases.
1. Come up with a plan. Establish goals that you want to reach with your press release campaign and figure out a plan so you can reach those goals. Remember that every press release your write and submit should act as a stepping stone to eventually accomplishing those goals.
2. Make a long-term commitment to submit. When press releases are submitted to multiple sites, it helps build links as well as generates more traffic back to your company's Web site. Sending out press releases on a regular basis will earn your name recognition and increase your chances of gaining readers.
3. Proofread before your submit. Press release sites have strict rules. Make sure to copy and paste your press release perfectly and always double check your work. Take advantage of the "preview" button to make sure your PR doesn't have any HTML or formatting issues that will make it hard to read.
About the Author
Wendy Suto is president and CEO of Search Circus, Inc., an ethical SEO firm specializing in organic search engine optimization, blog marketing, Web site copywriting and article marketing solutions. As a certified search engine optimization consultant, she teaches SEO seminars in Cleveland, Ohio. wendy@searchcircus.com
DEMOCRACY JOURNAL EVENT: After Iraq [Part I]
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Easy Article Marketing - Writing Business Articles? Follow These 5 Steps To Business Writing Success
Company XYZ expresses that they're #1 in customer service online, and when you provide a link to your site for your readers to view your claim that you wrote in your article, the reader navigates your site, and quickly they notice you have no access to a live customer service chat service, any toll-free numbers to reach a customers service specialist, and all you're providing them is an email address saying that you may get back to them sometime after the summer beach season is over. If you don't offer the best customer service on the Internet or planet, don't even think for a minute to convey that message to your readers.
Writing press releases are a good way to get the message out that your company offers a unique and exclusive product in the market, and you want to introduce it with a bang, or that your business just hired a top executive that will drive your company shares straight up in the stock market. Writing your business article is slightly different, you want to use your article to express your company's best features and benefits offered.
Write about how you can save time and money, or give them a better lifestyle, how about your products/services offer customers that give them complete "Peace-of-Mind". Believe it or not, people do searches to find your products and services to either solve a problem, or possibly to fill a desired need they have. You have to tell them how you're going to solve their problems, and fill their needs, and put it in writing.
Nothing is worse than when I come across an interesting article, and I find out halfway through, there is a completely different language that I don't understand. There are many business writers that have a technical writing background, and when they communicate their message in the article, readers may stumble on your article that is saturated in technical mumbo jumbo that only tech savvy individuals understand.
When you start preparing to write you article, think about your people you want to reach, and who will be interested in reading your information, because if you're writing for the non-technical person, and you put a ton of information that the average individual won't understand, your message will definitely be lost and your readers you're trying to attract will move on and find another article that is easier to read.
The best way to get your company article distributed is through ezine and article distribution directories. You may decide to only submit your articles to a select few of the top article directories that offer a high volume of traffic, but I would suggest that you consider also submitting to a variety of smaller ones, because you never know where they will be picked up from and prominently placed for inbound traffic.
The same goes with your Bio, you should not over sell, but you definitely should let your readers know you're the expert, and that everything you talked about in your article will be explained in more detail once they click through your hyperlinks. If you're talking about a specific product or service and you have several pages with more information, normally most directories will allow you to place up to a maximum of three links including your main index page. Take advantage of this, and always maximize your links that will give you many optimizing opportunities.
About the Author
Get Unlimited Free Permanent Links Pointing Direct to Your Website With Top Article Submissionhttp://www.TopArticleSubmission.comAn Quality Back Links Tool.
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Writing Tips & Information : How to Write a Grant Proposal
A business report provides information for further business decision making process. A lot of people are thinking that business reports are uninteresting and dry. It is not true. For people who are daily involved in business, the reports are essential parts of their work and contain lots of useful and relevant information. In custom business report writing, you should take into consideration such important issues as:
Purpose of a business report
Target audience
Research
Analysis and supporting information
Conclusion, recommendations, and solutions
Format and layout of the business report
Purpose of a business report should be specific. You take one specific question or a one specific problem, and then you are conducting a research with further analysis of results. It is important to follow a chain of continuity in arguments and evidences starting from the purpose and finishing with the solutions. Determine a theme of your study, and then narrow it down to one factor.
You have to understand who is going to be you reader. As you are not writing for a vide range of people, the information you are going to present should target only those people, who can understand it fully. Before writing, consider the educational level of your audience, the authority of information, position held in an organization, attitude of target audience towards the information in report, possible feedback, and the measure of a need for such type of a business report. When you know your target audience, you can decide what language to use (technical or common), as well as the visual aid to be included. Think about the necessity of defining terms, how much data to give, and whether you report should be brief or contain details and explanations. Writing a report demands a sense of responsibility from you, because people in power make important decisions relying on information in your report. These are the basic writing tips related to the target audience.
Once you know the theme, the purpose of your business report, and the target audience, you can start making a research and collect information. It is important to explain the procedures and methods that were used in the research process in order to enable the business report readers to make decisions based on your paper. So, be sure to use credible data. It is important to obtain information from the original sources. Information that you find should be proved; it also must be up-to-date and realistically show the current situation in business world. Especially it concerns marketing research. It is better to present the information in multiple ways: tables, graphs, pie charts. When a business report contains a lot statistical data, graphically presented information is clearer than a text.
When analyzing the results of study, you must confirm the hypothesis initially established in the purpose. Your analysis should be balanced and justified for you to formulate a valid conclusion with your personal subjective opinion on the subject matter covered. In your analysis, you can prove the hypothesis you have established, or you can make your own contribution: write about your personal findings, new business ideas, and proposals. Your ideas must to be proved and supported by facts, and then it will have weight.
The conclusion summarizes your analysis and offers a solution. It might be an answer to a business problem, a plan of developing a business idea, specific recommendation based on the analysis, or a new perspective strategy.
Before you actually start writing a business report, create an outline, then write a rough draft, organize everything you have and put it in order. Divide your paper into smaller paragraphs and use headings for each section for better understanding. Be accurate and objective in writing. May be the most important advice is to remain patient and devote enough time and efforts to writing it. If you are having problems with writing, you can always consult a business adviser, or go for online help. Well, I think that’s it. Good luck in your endeavor.
About the Author
Jennifer Burns is the head of customer care center at Custom-Writing.org, essay online service. Having completed a number of academic assignments himself, Jennifer uses her knowledge to provide individualized customer support to students, who order writing dissertations and essays editing
How To Build Your List Your & Profits with Bob Bly Part 2
official report writing example"official report writing example" When writing my marketing resume, should I name the brands that I worked with or keep it general?
Example: Performed primary research on the official press and industry attendees of the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week event and analyzed sponsorship affects.
or
Produced research reports using the media, products, audience and segmentation research, and a competitive analysis.
include the brands. By doing this, you show that you had a real job/ acquired actual experience. If you use option 2 you don't realy show what you have accomplished. You could have technically done that playing a computer game. Remember, details are good, as long as you dont overkill it. Use what helps you get to the point and makes you look best
Type Tools and Tips for Enhancing Decision Making (4-6 min excerpt/sample)
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what to write a report on"what to write a report on" INTERESTING SUPREME COURT CASES TO WRITE REPORT ON?
I have a report to write about a supreme court case.
I would like to do a topic that pertains to something like... gay rights, pornography, etc. (subjects less touched on in high school) rather than the ones related to search/seizure and freedom of speech/religion, etc.
What are some good, interesting, maybe even peculiar cases?
roe vs wade... its a case about the right to abort in re bilski... the right to patent a business model
if trials are allowed to be presented then try
leopold/ loeb trial .... showing insanity as a plea to not give the death pen
scopes monkey trial.. relates to evolution taught in high schools
8. Climate Change -- Has the Earth been cooling?
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construction report writing"construction report writing"
Write My Review Paper
Review papers are a common feature in most academic institutions of higher learning, and as such any person that goes through these institutions may have at one time or the other to review the scholarly writing of fellow writers. On the other hand, writing of review papers may be used within professional fields to determine the significance and importance of research findings that may be presented within any research paper.
Professional paper reviewers are not trained. However, there are a number of them that are re-known for making these professional paper reviews, after a long time of practical experience in the reviewing of professional pieces of literary work done by fellow researchers in their particular fields of profession. Many students at times find themselves posing this question: How can I write my paper when reviewing other researchers' scholarly material?
Many at times when I am asked to write my paper in reviewing other scholars' work I usually have to go on an in-depth research on the work of the authors of these works as well as other authors that may have written similar work. I usually ensure that I have built a comprehensive background of information before I can start out to write my paper. Before I write my paper I have to make a rough sketch of what the author of the paper intended to prove or pass across through his or her work. Thereafter, I have to establish how effectively the writer has been in proving the facts that s/he has presented as well as how he has been efficient in using the proper methodologies on research and the effectiveness in his presentation style.
As I start to write my paper I have to first establish whether the literary piece has been effective for its intended purpose. When I write my paper I usually pay greater attention to the manner in which the author of the work has drawn relevance from the literature review in connection to the main body of his or her research paper. As I write my paper I also ensure that I have established how relevant the methodologies used were effective in driving the research towards its intended goal of either proving or disapproving the presented postulations. As I write my paper on this review I also offer constructive criticism meant to highlight any shortcomings that the author of the research paper may have had in writing his or her research findings.
As I write my paper, I also offer appraisal to well chosen methodologies or presentation methods used in presenting the research information and findings. Paper reviews are mostly technical in nature-they review the technical nature of the paper including its presentation and relevance to the research protocols. However, as I write my paper I never forget to include the ethical aspect of the review. As I write my paper I have to state whether the research methodologies violated any ethical standards during the research.
This is essential as I write my paper, because I know that the relevance and importance of any research is evaluated in terms of how well the report was written in terms of its technical nature and ethical aspects. Students that may not know how to write their papers can seek professional help online. This is as simple as logging on to any site hosted by a writing firm and typing in the search word "write my paper review". Using the phrase "write my paper review" should be able to offer the student various site links that lead to writing firms that can help in writing any paper review.
About the Author
Author is associated with ResearchPapers247.com which is a global Write My Paper & Custom research Papers provider. If you would like help in Write My Paper and Buy essays you can visit Research247.com
NTA2009 Slideshow Movie
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how to write a performance report"how to write a performance report" Server side, Client side?
I have been asked to create a written report for evidence of how server side and client side factors influences a website performance. any one help?
Begin by drawing a line between the two main categories of advanced Web technologies: client-side and server-side technologies. Then talk about what makes them different, and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Then take a stroll through the client-side technologies, providing a plain-English description of what each of them does and a couple of links to where you can learn more. Finally, do very much the same thing for each of the server-side technologies. By the end, you should have a better idea of how it all fits together.
__Waiters and Customers: Clients and Servers__ As mentioned above, advanced Web design technologies may be divided into two broad categories: client-side and server-side. Understanding the difference between the two requires a basic understanding of what goes on when someone views a Web page on the Internet.
You have done it hundreds, if not thousands of times before. You have typed a Web address (URL) into your Web browser’s address field and it has loaded and displayed the corresponding Web page. But what is really going on behind the scenes? In the simplest sense, there are two computers involved in this process: your computer (where your Web browser is running), and the computer somewhere on the Internet (that serves up the Web page in question). In this arrangement, your computer is known as the client and the computer providing the Web page is known as the server. Think of the server as a waiter in a busy restaurant, and the client as one of the customers clamoring for the waiter’s attention. Just like in the real world, one server (or waiter) is responsible for fulfilling the requests of many clients (or customers).
In a busy restaurant, the waiter takes orders from the customers, and then brings them (hopefully) what they ordered. This is surprisingly similar to what goes on between the client and server computers on the Web. The client computer, as you know, runs a Web browser that allows it to view Web pages. This software, when provided with a Web address, sends a request for that address over the Internet to another software program running on the server computer. This program, known as a Web server, responds to that request by sending back the Web page corresponding to the address. It is then up to the browser to interpret that Web page, converting it into human-readable format and slapping it up on the client computer’s screen.
The retrieval and display of any Web page on the Internet proceeds along the same general lines just outlined; however, it is not always quite as simple. Most advances in Web design lately have come with the cost of additional steps in the above process. Whether the additional steps come before or after the waiter hands the customer their order is the difference between client-side and server-side technologies.
In most restaurants, the waiter is not the one responsible for preparing the food; that is the cook’s job. The waiter just takes the order, and relays it to the cook. The cook prepares the order, and then gives it to the waiter to give to the customer. In a way, the cook assists the waiter in his work: giving the customers what they ask for. In the same way, the Web server software running on the server computer can have “helpers” that let it do more than just serve up ready-made Web pages. These helpers are server-side technologies for advanced Web design.
Now, when the customer finally gets their order from the waiter, the logical thing for them to do is eat it, right? But sometimes it is not so simple. Consider, for instance, if the customer ordered pancakes. Typically, they will also be given a little container of maple syrup. If the customer were to just eat their meal as-is, taking a swig of maple syrup after every few bites of pancake, they might get a funny look or two from other patrons at the restaurant. Instead, the customer is expected to spread the syrup on their pancakes before eating it – a small part of the task of preparing the meal has been left for the customer to do. By the same token, some Web pages are more complex for the browser to display than simply taking the HTML and converting it into an image on the screen. Sometimes additional tasks must be completed by the Web browser for the Web page to be displayed. Anything that requires the browser to become a more active participant in determining what to display on the screen is a client-side technology for advanced Web design.
Which is Better? If, until now, you have mainly dabbled in HTML, you may be asking yourself, “Which is better, client-side or server-side?” While this is a natural question to ask, the fact of the matter is that neither is better than the other. Instead, they each have advantages and disadvantages, and it is up to you to determine which the best choice for any given application.
Client-side technologies such as JavaScript and DHTML tend to be very “nimble” in terms of their abi
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what is report writing software"what is report writing software" What's the best free benchmarking software for win xp, vista, and ubuntu?
If it's three different software packages, that's good too. I'm looking for something that can measure hard drive read/write speed, cpu flops, gpu processing power, swap file/linux swap space usage, etc. Nice, concise reports at the end are always nice too. :) Thanks!
For Linux there is Hardinfo. It gives you a lot of information as a clear html page after the tests.
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